By Thomas A. Hughes
Excellent for lecture room use or self-study, this top promoting textual content has supplied hundreds of thousands of scholars, technicians, revenues humans, and others with a realistic advent to the applied sciences, platforms, and techniques eager about business strategy regulate. The 3rd version takes a similar confirmed intuitive procedure of earlier variants. every one bankruptcy starts with uncomplicated definitions and mathematical ideas that let readers to turn into well-versed within the rules essential to comprehend the variables that have an effect on approach keep an eye on platforms. New positive aspects within the 3rd version comprise assurance of complex control-loop tuning tools; magnetostrictive displacement strain transducers; infrared, microwave, nuclear, radar and thermal point tools; radiation, optical, and infrared pyrometers; oxidation-reduction capability dimension; and a very up-to-date bankruptcy on programmable common sense controllers, PC-based regulate, and human-machine interfaces. The e-book additionally contains, for the 1st time, ideas to workouts that make it stronger for self-study. The textual content introduces procedure and device drawings to demonstrate strategies. An appendix outlines common photo symbols utilized in piping and instrumentation diagrams.
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Additional resources for Measurement and Control Basics (Resources for Measurement and Control Series)
Example text
Again, this had intuitive plausibility because it gave an operator a feel for how small of an error caused full corrective action. Thus, a 10 percent proportional band meant that a 10 percent error between SP and PV would cause the output to go full scale. This definition can be related to proportional gain Kc by noting the following equation: PB = 1 x 100 KC (1-4) An example will help you understand the relationship between proportional band and gain. 4? What gain corresponds to a PB of 400? 25 400 PB The modern way of considering proportional control is to think in terms of gain (Kc).
The control system increases or decreases the steam into the heat exchanger to maintain the outlet fluid at a desired temperature. IA TY 100 I/P TIC 100 TV 100 TT 100 Steam Process Fluid D E-100 TE 100 Process Fluid Condensate Figure 2-15. Dead time in control loop In the design of this control loop, the location of the temperature detector is critical. It is tempting to say that the detector should be installed farther down the outlet pipe and closer to the point at which the process fluid is used.
If the temperature of the tank is to be maintained at 100°F at this new rate of feed flow, more hot water must be supplied. This calls for a change in valve position. According to Equation 1-3, the only way that the valve position (V) can be changed is for the error (e) to change. Remember that m is a constant. Thus, an error will occur, and the temperature will drop below 100°F until an equilibrium is reached between the hot water flow and new feed flow. How much this drop will be depends on the value of Kc that was set in the controller as well as on the characteristics of the process.