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0 [6]. The hydrogen content in the gas influences the coke formation rate [7] as well. In a recent article Hou et al. [19] showed the influence of the removal of hydrogen on coking rates in a membrane steam reformer using palladium membranes. The need of a minimum concentration of hydrogen is of special importance when operating a membrane steam reformer, because it limits the process conditions at which such a reactor can be operated. A minimum hydrogen concentration is not only required to minimise coke formation, but it is also important to avoid oxidation of the used catalyst [9,20].
32 Chapter 2 The costs of the GHR concept are somewhat less sensitive to the number of tubes, because a GHR does not contain burners. 2 Temperature The reaction temperature has a significant influence on operating costs. When using a membrane reactor it might be possible to operate the system at a much lower temperature, enabling the use of less expensive tubing materials. As a starting point for the project, we chose 600ºC as reaction temperature. The economic evaluation prepared during the project [21], however, uses a reaction temperature of 700ºC.
Hacket, “Trends in Hydrogen Plant Design – Steam Reforming will Continue to be the Main Source of H 2”, Hydrocarbon Processing, [8] 119-27 (1992). 3. W. Hohmann, “Improve Steam Reformer Performance”, Hydrocarbon Processing, [3] 71-74 (1996). 4. M. Abrardo and V. Khurana, “Hydrogen Technologies to Meet Refiners’ Future Needs”, Hydrocarbon Processing, [2] 43-49 (1995). 5. Proposal to the EC Framework Programme IV, “Membrane Reactor for Cost-Effective EnvironmentalFriendly Hydrogen Production”, Brite Euram, no.