By Philip J. Potts, Margaret West
Portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) instrumentation has a few precise analytical services for the in situ research of samples within the box. those features were prolonged in recent times by way of the continued improvement of strong country detectors, floor fixed electronics, electronic sign processing know-how, Li-ion batteries mixed with a decision of rugged sealed radioisotope assets or miniature X-ray tubes that offer light-weight hand held devices.
As good as commencing up new functions, in situ measurements via PXRF, the place the device is positioned in direct touch with the thing to be analysed, contain the whole integration of sampling and research. cautious interpretation of effects is hence required, fairly whilst the research is used to estimate the majority composition of a sample.
In this monograph, an outline is given of instrumentation, analytical features, and obstacles within the interpretation of effects, sampling issues and functions the place PXRF bargains great merits over traditional analytical concepts. the purpose is to offer the reader an perception into the features of the process and to illustrate the contribution it will possibly make to more than a few parts of latest clinical interest.
Chapters are written through across the world recognized scientists with sensible event of in situ research utilizing moveable X-ray fluorescence and demonstrates the wide variety of functions for the method. the subjects coated are illustrated with diagrams and images the place acceptable and every bankruptcy contains aiding references to let the reader to realize a better realizing of a selected application.
Topics contain: -analytical functions -instrumentation -quantification -correction strategies -sampling issues -future developments.
Applications contain: -the evaluate of infected land -surfaces -coatings and paints -workplace tracking -metal & alloy sorting -geochemical prospecting -archaeological investigations -museum samples & artistic endeavors -extraterrestrial analysis.
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54 Moreover, the method can be integrated into an expert system in support of XRF analysis. References 1. R. W. Gold and D. Gedcke, Quantitative X-Ray Spectrometry, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1981. 2. R. Tertian and F. Claisse, Principles of Quantitative X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis, Heyden, London, 1982. 3. E. A. ), Handbook of X-Ray Spectrometry – Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, Marcel Dekker, New York–Basel, 2002. 4. R. Cesareo, X-ray Physics: Interaction with Matter, Production, Detection, La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento della Societa Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, 2000.
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The experiments were performed for a set of rock reference materials at different analyzer-to-sample surface distances. Even small discrepancies between the reference plane and analyzed surface had a significant effect on the measured X-rays. The fall in the intensity of the fluorescent lines ranged from 72 to 87% of its value at 0 mm for an air gap of 2 mm, for analytes such as K, Ca, Ti, Fe, Sr, Zr and Ba; equivalent data for an air gap of 4 mm were 49–64%. Ignoring the surface irregularity effects indicates that considerable errors in quantitative XRF analysis would be observed.