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Handbook of Probiotics and Prebiotics by Yuan Kun Lee, Seppo Salminen

By Yuan Kun Lee, Seppo Salminen

Because the ebook of the 1st version in 1999, the technology of probiotics and prebiotics has matured enormously and garnered extra curiosity. the 1st guide out there, instruction manual of Probiotics and Prebiotics: moment variation updates the information in its predecessor, and additionally it is fabric issues no longer formerly mentioned within the first version, together with tools protocols, mobilephone line and animal versions, and insurance of prebiotics. The editors complement their services by way of bringing in overseas specialists to give a contribution chapters. This moment version brings jointly the knowledge wanted for the winning improvement of a professional- or prebiotic product from laboratory to market.Content:
Chapter 1 Probiotic Microorganisms (pages 1–176): Yuan Kun Lee, Abelardo Margolles, Baltasar Mayo, Patricia Ruas?Madiedo, Miguel Gueimonde, Clara de los Reyes?Gavilan, Toni A Chapman, James JC Chin, Ross Crittenden, Diana Donohue and William Tien Hung Chang
Chapter 2 choice and upkeep of Probiotic Microorganisms (pages 177–187): Yuan Kun Lee
Chapter three Genetic amendment of Probiotic Microorganisms (pages 189–255): Koji Nomoto, Mayumi Kiwaki and Hirokazu Tsuji
Chapter four function of Probiotics in future health and ailments (pages 257–375): M. Carmen Collado, J.M. Laparra, Rafael Frias, Yuan Kun Lee, Seppo Salminen, Allan Lim and Hai?Meng Tan
Chapter five Mechanisms of Probiotics (pages 377–440): Sampo Lahtinen, Arthur Ouwehand, M. Carmen Collado, Seppo Salminen, Satu Vesterlund, Mimi Tang and Reetta Satokari
Chapter 6 Commercially to be had Human Probiotic Microorganisms (pages 441–532): Camilla Hoppe, Charlotte Nexmann Larsen, Rangne Fonden, Ulla Svensson, Arthur Ouwehand, Sampo Lahtinen, Mayumi Kiwaki, Koji Nomoto, Katsunori Kimura, Dorte Eskesen, Maija Saxelin, Kajsa Kajander, Gregor Reid, Andrew W. Bruce, Paivi Nurminen, Riitta Korpela, Hirokazu Tsuji, Jin?Zhong Xiao and Seppo Salminen
Chapter 7 Prebiotics (pages 533–581): Ross Crittenden and Martin J. Playne

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Intraspecific differentiation of bacteria is highly relevant for the selection of starter and probiotic cultures, because technological, sensorial, antimicrobial, and probiotic attributes are strain specific. Typing methods are very helpful in distinguishing patent protected strains, as well as the distinction of starter, adjunct, and probiotic cultures (strain tracking) from natural isolates. As for the safety aspects, it is crucial to be able to compare clinical (pathogenic) isolates with biotechnological strains in use.

Monoclonal antibodies have been used for selective enumeration of Bacteroides vulgatus and Bacteroides distasonis on fecal samples after dilution and plating in a nonselective medium, avoiding the use of selective agents to which part of the Bacteroides population could be sensitive (226). Oligonucleotide probes have also been used for the identification and the quantification of intestinal microbiota by means of colony hybridization (232, 271). Typing of the strains from a given species of intestinal microorganism has often been carried out by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) (322, 323) or RAPD by PCR (212, 228) among other genotypic techniques.

Exhaustive phylogenetic analyses based on genome data will be performed when more genome sequences are completed and analyzed. To date, 10 Lactobacillus genomes have been published, and at least 11 more sequencing projects are ongoing (35, 96). 4 Characterization of Probiotic Properties in Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Strains Several criteria have been used for the selection of probiotic strains (Fig. 1), the most commonly employed being the survival of the stressful GIT conditions (low pH and high bile salts concentrations), the ability to transitory colonize the GIT, which is related with the adhesion to mucus and/or intestinal epithelium and the antimicrobial activity through the production of antimicrobial molecules or the ability to inhibit/displace the adhesion of pathogens.

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