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Complied via knowledgeable editorial workforce with noteworthy and noteworthy adventure, this e-book covers technological points relating to probiotics, not just when it comes to supply modes but additionally by way of safety applied sciences. It comprises discussions in their healing and physiologic implications and advantages, and gives a latest replace and a holistic overview of the subject. It makes a speciality of the technological facets of probiotic items, brings jointly the knowledge wanted for his or her profitable improvement, and examines the foreign photo relating to regulatory issues.
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Extra resources for Probiotic Bacteria: Fundamentals, Therapy, and Technological Aspects
Example text
Adapted from Cani and Delzenne, 2011. , 2012). Metabolomic strategies have become an essential tool to decipher such gut microbiota–host metabolic interaction and impact on homeostasis and host health. , 2009). For example, production of the antioxidant indole-3-propionic acid (derived from tryptophan metabolism) was shown to be completely dependent on the presence of gut microbiota and could be established by colonization with the single bacterium Clostridium sporogenes. Martin et al. (2007) underlined the different bacterial modulation of the bile acid metabolism and enterohepatic cycle, with consequent effects on the absorption of dietary fat and concomitant to lipid accumulation in the livers of animals holding a nonadapted gut microbiota.
Eu) project in Europe, are important contributions to this deciphering process. 2 Physiological Role of Gut Microflora There is an increasing awareness of the role that intestinal microϐlora may play in human health. Tremendous progress has been made in this ϐield and results indicate that it is likely that much of this impact is mediated through diet and the consumption of speciϐic health-related foods. Growing evidence suggests that gut microbiota inϐluence what the human host is able to extract from its diet, including energy (see Fig.
2). Restoration of this balance by increasing levels of Biϔidobacterium either by food-based strategies (using prebiotics) or supplementation has been shown to reduce disease intensiveness in patients and to improve well-being Gut Microflora in healthy volunteers. Associated mechanisms that underlie these effects will be visited in Chapter 3. , 2007 of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes; E. , 2010 pared with the control group. The ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes positively correlated with plasma glucose concentration but not with body mass index.