By Ethiopia Enideg Nigussie (auth.)
This publication offers layout thoughts, research and implementation of excessive functionality and tool effective, version tolerant on-chip interconnects. Given the layout paradigm shift to multi-core, interconnect-centric designs and the rise in assets of variability and their influence in sub-100nm applied sciences, this ebook could be a useful reference for somebody all for the layout of subsequent iteration, high-performance electronics systems.
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Extra info for Variation Tolerant On-Chip Interconnects
Example text
3 Chapter Summary Wires are not ideal as drawn in schematic diagrams but a parasitic element which exhibits undesired effects and degrades the performance of electronic systems. These non-idealities are usually captured by computing the electromagnetic behavior of a wire using field solvers. In this chapter, wire parasitic extraction and electrical level wire modeling are discussed briefly. Parasitic extraction requires expensive simulators and a lot of computational time. The standard approach to reduce this complexity is to partition the problem into a set of geometry dependent parasitics and solving a discrete electrical network made up of parasitic elements.
This measure is a property of physical layout of the 30 3 On-Chip Wire Modeling conductor and is also a measure of the ability of the conductor to link magnetic flux or to store magnetic energy. The fundamental equation for inductance is as follows: H LD ! 10) where I is the current, B the magnetic field induced from I, and A is the integration loop. The definition of inductance follows a loop property, the current return path should be known to determine the inductance value. In contemporary interconnect structures the return current is spread all over the range and the exact return path of a current is not known.
However, this is not a feasible approach due to the large amount of design variables in the optimization process and the overall complexity of the chip. Furthermore, this approach has the disadvantage of not seeing the exact problem, because at a given circuit node, only few dominant parameters affect the overall performance. Thus, designers need to have a clear insight into the parasitic wiring effects, their relative importance and their reduced-order models. Wire parasitics estimation is required to compare different interconnect schemes because interconnect figures of merits (performance, power consumption and noise coupling) [98,99] are functions of wire parasitics.