By F. G. Yost, F. M. Hosking, D. R. Frear (auth.), F. G. Yost, F. M. Hosking, D. R. Frear (eds.)
In 1992 Congress handed the security production Engineering schooling Act with the purpose of encouraging educational associations to extend their emphasis on production curricula. the necessity for this incentive to combine the educational and commercial groups was once transparent: gaps in production technology have been inhibiting the evolution of recent production applied sciences which are required for the U.S. to take care of a aggressive posture on the planet industry. the military study Laboratory and Sandia nationwide Laboratories sought to give a contribution to the congressional rationale by way of beginning a brand new sequence of graduate point university textbooks. The aim was once to concentration next-generation scientists onto matters that have been universal to the desires of the economic industry, the affordability of DoD guns structures, and the mobilization readiness of the U.S. military. The textbook The Mechanics of Solder Wetting and Spreading was once written during this spirit by way of nationally popular scientists for academe and undefined. learn ers utilizing the e-book are inspired to formulate courses that would determine scien tific correlations among production technique controls and product reliability. Such correlations are necessary to the construction of a brand new electronics that's established upon the futuristic innovations of digital Factories, Prototyping, and Testing.
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Harris and Sanderson 1948b]. (" 3 ABIETIC ACID I cli:! cli NEOABIETIC ACII H3 ( ACII I CH 3 I CH 3 / . ( " CH 3 DEHYDROABIETIC 3 CH cli LEVOPIMARIC ACI CH 3 3 COOH ISODEXTROPIMARIC ACID DEXTROPIMARIC ACID Figure 3-1 Stereochemical formulae of some resin acids 46 THE MECHANICS OF SOLDER ALLOY WETTING AND SPREADING Table 3-3 Composition of Gum Rosin Rosin Acid % Composition Levopimaric Trace Neoabietic 10-20 Abietic 30-40 Iso-dextro-pimaric 8 Dextro-pimaric 8 Dchydroabietic 5 Dihyroabietic 16 Tetra-abietic 16 The principal casualty of the distillation stage at 150°-170°C is levopimaric acid, which is isomerized and disproportionated.
1977a. Circuit World. 3(2):6-12 - . 1977b. Publication No. 529. Uxbridge, England: International Tin Research Institute. Davis, P. , M. E. Warwick, and P. J. Kay. 1982. Plating and Surface Finishing. 69:72-6. Davis, P. , M. E. Warwick, and S. J. Muckett. 1983a. Plating and Surface Finishing. 70:49-53. - . 1983b. Publication No. 634. Uxbridge, England: International Tin Research Institute. DeVore, J. A. 1978. 2nd Annual Tech. Seminar Proc. China Lake, CA. - . 1984a. Circuits Manu! 24(6):62-4, 70.
Owing to its solid state and glassy structure, the acid action of rosin is not apparent until it melts. Only then do the ions of the material have sufficient mobility to enter into reactions with substrate surfaces. The material exhibits ionic character only in the fused state; that is, it has a pK rather than a pH number [Glasstone and Lewin 1960]. Because of the numerous reactions between the various constituent parts of rosin and the critical relationship this must have upon the identity of the residues which can form during the soldering operation, it is appropriate to understand the origins and composition of the starting materials and refined rosin used in fluxes.