By Eyal Weizman
The primary of the “lesser evil”—the acceptability of pursuing one unprecedented plan of action with the intention to hinder a better injustice—has lengthy been a cornerstone of Western moral philosophy. From its roots in classical ethics and Christian theology, to Hannah Arendt’s exploration of the paintings of the Jewish Councils in the course of the Nazi regime, Weizman explores its improvement in 3 key adjustments of the matter: the defining intervention of Médecins Sans Frontières in mid-1980s Ethiopia; the separation wall in Israel-Palestine; and foreign and human rights legislations in Bosnia, Gaza and Iraq. Drawing on a wealth of latest study, Weizman charts the newest manifestation of this age-old suggestion. In doing so he indicates how army and political intervention received a brand new “humanitarian” acceptability and legality within the past due 20th and early twenty-first centuries.
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Extra resources for The Least of All Possible Evils: Humanitarian Violence from Arendt to Gaza
Sample text
It is therefore not surprising to find that, since the first oil crisis, the volume of literature on Japan-Middle East economic relations has increased substantially. The large majority of the works, however, deal with the period since the early 1970s, and take hardly any notice of such relations during the preceding period, apparently assuming that they were of little significance possibly apart from Middle Eastern oil exports to Japan. Turner and Bedore, for example, simply say that ‘Japan has had no historic ties with the Middle East region’, while David Lang states that ‘pre-1973 Japan-Middle East relationship was a low-profile one because of geographic remoteness and the absence of significant historical ties.
4). This was, however, not enough to persuade the Egyptians to remove the dumping tax on Japanese textiles. In the early 1930s Turkey adopted foreign exchange control and import quota systems with a view to improving her trade balances and protecting local industries. As Japan accumulated large surpluses in trade with the country, the Turkish Government began to consider the possibility of adopting a restrictive measure against Japanese imports. Japan therefore needed to forestall it. Yoshida, made a proposal to the Turkish Government for the establishment of cotton textile mills in the country.
However, France continued to keep its currency on gold until September 1936. Since the currencies of most of the Middle Eastern states were linked to either sterling or the franc, Japanese goods became even cheaper in these markets. Besides, the average freight rate charged by the Japanese shipping companies was much lower than that by their European counterparts, partly because they could enjoy low operating costs and partly because of subventions, both direct and indirect. In May 1934, for example, the British shipping companies charged 21 yen 82 sen for the transport of raw cotton per 2,000 Ib.