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The long final chapter of The Interpretation I shall entir ely disr egar d the fact that the mental apparatus of Dreams gives with which we ar e her e concer ned is also known to us in the the first detailed for m of an anatomical pr eparation, and I shall car efully avoid metapsychological the temptation to deter mine psychical locality in any anatomdescription of ical fashion. I shall r emain upon psychological gr ound, and I pr opose simply to follow the suggestion that we should picthese agencies, tur e the instr ument which car ries out our mental functions as which have now r esembling a compound micr oscope or a photographic appataken on the ratus, or something of the kind.

At this stage, Freud still sees unconsciousness largely in terms of a repression which it is the task of psychoanalysis to undo: bring the forgotten memories back into consciousness, and the patient will be cured. The treatment thus has an optimism and simplicity which psychoanalytic experience will later complicate immeasurably. In the Studies, Freud and Breuer frequently refer to their procedures as ‘analysis’. The term ‘psychoanalysis’ does not yet occur; that will happen in Freud’s 1896 paper, ‘Further Remarks on the Neuro-Psychoses of Defence’.

In The Interpretation Instead of [hallucinator y satisfaction of needs], the psyof Dreams (1900), c h i c a l a p p a r a t u s h a d t o d e c i d e t o f o r m a c o n c e p t i o n o f t h e for example, it is r e a l c i r c u m s t a n c e s i n t h e e x t e r n a l w o r l d a n d t o e n d e a v o u r precisely one of the t o m a k e a r e a l a l t e r a t i o n i n t h e m . A n e w p r i n c i p l e o f m e n things which Freud t a l f u n c t i o n i n g w a s t h u s i n t r o d u c e d ; w h a t w a s p r e s e n t e d argues distinguishes i n t h e m i n d w a s n o l o n g e r w h a t w a s a g r e e a b l e b u t w h a t was real, even if it happened to be disagreeable.