By Ruth Stein
An try and collate and make clear psychoanalytic theories on impact, and the way they relate to the medical strategy. Stein outlines and analyses an important theories on impact, and examines empirical paintings awarded during the last a hundred years, exposing the stress of a few current notions.
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Extra resources for Psychoanalytic Theories of Affect
Sample text
This shift made affect into a drive-derived phenomenon, instead of a lived and encapsulated experience. The concept of drive itself, however, was used by Freud in a deliberately ambiguous way (see 1915a, p. 12) as a concept at the 'frontier' between the psychic and the somatic, and as a phenomenon that must remain by definition unconscious in itself but that can be deduced from its manifestations, the idea and the affect. The introduction of the topographical model, which hinged on the differentiating axis of the existence or nonexistence of consciousness, helped to separate the fates of the two kinds of drive representations, affect and idea, thereby providing different accounts for the different neurotic manifestations (in which ideas and affects undergo different vicissitudes), although this model proved to have its drawbacks with respect to affects, as we shall see later.
As to quality, Freud maintains that the structure of the nervous system includes a system for transforming external quantity into quality (1895 [1950], p. 308). This system is linked with perception, and when it discharges energy, it produces consciousness by allowing the neuronal apparatus to perceive quality of impressions coming from the external world. Freud thus postulated a system of consciousness (o)between the perceptual system (4) and memory (JI), which receives quantity from the perceptual system.
And this could not be said in this theory about affects, which are considered by him as essentially centrifugal movements from the nervous system outward to the interior of the Freud's Writings on Affect 23 body. According to this conception, affects in the dynamic and systemic sense are 'pre-affects,' a potential or source for the emergence of affects; the instinctual impulse is inhibited from turning into a manifestation of affect by repression. Moreover, affects cannot be preconscious, because the system Pcs involves, by definition, word presentations, which affects lack; Freud says about affects that they can be either in a potential state or conscious, but never preconscious.