By Krislov S
Nations use product criteria, and control them, for purposes othen than sensible use or safety. The Soviets as soon as cultivated criteria to isolate themselves. within the usa, codes and criteria are frequently used to want domestic industries over exterior pageant, and to want a few manufacturers over others. Krislov compares and contrasts the USA, the EC, the forner jap bloc, and Japan, to hyperlink common selection with political types and to track becoming internationalization in keeping with product potency criteria.
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Additional resources for How Nations Choose Product Standards and Standards Change Nations (Pitt Series in Policy and Institutional Studies)
Example text
In the United States, economists were ultimately dismissive of strident standardization, pointing out that full and rigid implementation would be stultifying. This criticism had to be impressive, inasmuch as the power behind the original report, Hoover, had used all his authority as secretary of commerce and as president, and his vaunted reputation for efficiency and planning, to sell the simplification program. Universalized standards may also be compromised arrangements that thwart efficiency.
The diligent protection of the United States consumer from "hoof-and-mouth" disease in Argentinian beef has not found a parallel in other countries, which (like Argentina itself) have found its cattle as healthy and as carefully inspected as those in the United States. Our domestic meat and poultry slaughtering standards are not excessively admired abroad, and most countries do at least as well as we do. Even the Canadian trade agreement in 1991 produced angry charges in the New York Times and other national media that Canada aided and abetted, or at least permitted, export of poorly inspected and inferior meat, charges that were devastatingly refuted almost instantly.
The Standards Movement, Its Progenitors and Its Progeny There is a historical parallel to this linguistic displacement. At the turn of the century, the "standards" movement was seen as a large-scale social reform movement. With the test of time, it became obvious that the aspirations of the "standards" people were diverse and that many people had quite different interpretations of the movement. Those who were essentially consumerists wished to enlighten and enable purchasers, and discovered that "standards" were just one means to that end.