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Elements of Artificial Intelligence: Introduction Using LISP by S. Tanimoto

By S. Tanimoto

The breadth of assurance is greater than sufficient to offer the reader an outline of AI. An creation to LISP is located early within the booklet. even if a supplementary LISP textual content will be really useful for classes within which broad LISP programming is needed, this bankruptcy is enough for newbies who're ordinarily in following the LISP examples stumbled on later within the e-book. next chapters hide creation structures, wisdom illustration, seek, logical and probabilistic reasoning, studying, natural-language figuring out, and imaginative and prescient. a comparatively brief bankruptcy discusses professional platforms as functions of the instruments awarded past.

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Extra info for Elements of Artificial Intelligence: Introduction Using LISP (Principles of computer science series)

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This is because the relative importance of Class 1 patterns was monotonically increased by the decreasing function CL>(U) attached to Class 2 patterns. From Fig. 10b, we can see that the output from the neural network can be viewed as the possibility grade of Class 1. For example, the output o(x) in Fig. 35 belongs to Class 2. We can define the possibility area using the output from the trained neural network. 5, X G Q], (18) where Q\^^ is the possibility area of Class 1 and o^^^(x) is the output from the neural network trained for the possibility analysis.

0 Figure 18 Three-class classification problem on the one-dimensional pattern space [0,1]. , Opc) from the neural network as follows: (28) = J2^P^^ k=i where epk is the cost function for the /:th output unit, which is defined as epk = (tpk Opkf/2, o)(u) • (tpk - Opk)^/2, ifxp e Class A;, otherwise. (29) From the comparison between (15) and (29), we can see that the cost function epk for the A;th output unit in (29) is for the possibility analysis of Class k. Let us consider a three-class classification problem on the one-dimensional pattern space [0,1] in Fig.

5, X € ^ } , Q A: = 1, 2 , . . , c. Nes r Input value ;c *••• • • — g • mmmi 1 10 Input valued 1st output unit 2nd output unit Figure 20 Input value :)C 3rd output unit Results of the necessity analysis. (32) 20 Hisao Ishibuchi and Manabu Nii The fuzzy boundary is defined from (25) as follows: ^PB = ^ - {^1 U ^ 2 U • • . U ^ c (33) The decision areas and the fuzzy boundary for the classification problem in Fig. 18 are shown in Fig. 21 together with the shape of /XjtCx). From this figure, we can see that intuitively acceptable results were obtained by our fuzzy classification method.

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