Show description

Yet, Welk (2004) argues that the roots of modern backpacking came from the late 1960s and early 1970s when the Western 17 BUSINESS TOURISM European and the American hippie culture hit the roads to Eastern Asia. Accordingly, Cohen (1972) was one of the first academics writing about this ‘new’ class of traveller. He used the term ‘drifter’, a tourist who ‘immerses himself in the life of the host society … the complete opposite of the mass tourist’ (Cohen, 2004, pp44–45). g. hippies, drifters and road travellers); 2 a managerial phase during the 1980s and 1990s (backpacking is described as a mainstream institutionalized phenomenon); 3 a meaning-oriented phase during the last decade (understanding the consequences of backpacking for the individual and societies) (Pearce et al, 2009).

Later, however, the ‘capacity’ is invariably considered with an element of flexibility where, with the help of zoning techniques, certain areas under consideration may be allowed to exceed capacity or be brought below this given maximum (Weaver, 2008). 22 CARRYING CAPACITY Those who advocate sustainable tourism seem to place great faith in the concept of carrying capacity, and numerous studies have been conducted around the world. Swarbooke (1997, p261) suggests that most use the term too simplistically, believing there to be six types of carrying capacity: 1 Physical: the number of people who can be physically accommodated on a given site.

Most aim to provide exceptional standards of service and make this their selling proposition. Boutique hotels are often based in a distinctive, possibly restored, building. The term is said to have 5 ACCOMMODATION PROVIDERS originated in 1981 with the opening of Blake’s Hotel in London, UK. Budget hotels, in contrast, emphasize low cost. This means that many have no public rooms, except perhaps for a breakfast room. They also tend to offer few, if any, additional services, with food and drink perhaps provided through vending machines in the lobby.