By Richter C. F.
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The potential number of network springs is ns ¼ ðNi À 1Þ NA c 2 Mn ð2:57Þ Here, the 2 in the denominator is to avoid double counting as it takes two sites to form one link. 57) must be modified for these effects. 25 m5 kg–1 s–2 in line with swollen rubber networks and fl is a correction for the probability of closed loops being formed, which can be written ! 12 and give a good fit to the data with between three and four hydrophobes per chain. 6 Noninteractive Fillers There are many situations when polymer networks contain a filler.
When there are 2 or more, each site can lead to a network spring if more than two hydrophobes can cluster to form a node. 12 0 5 10 15 c kg/m3 20 25 The network modulus of a solution of an HMHEC in water. 57) and the experimental points taken from Ref. 24. The molecular weight was Mn ¼ 105 and there were B4 hexadecyl hydrophobes per cellulose chain at synthesis. 40 Chapter 2 network where only two chains would be joined by the formation of the link. ) The potential number of network springs is ns ¼ ðNi À 1Þ NA c 2 Mn ð2:57Þ Here, the 2 in the denominator is to avoid double counting as it takes two sites to form one link.
The reason is that water is a strongly hydrogen-bonding solvent and will interact differently with different types of polymer. Some parts of the chain may be less soluble than others because they cannot fit into the water structure and so they tend to cluster together. To illustrate this we will consider in some detail the polymers used as ‘‘associative thickeners’’. These are particularly good examples of how the chemical details of a polymer chain are of major importance in determining the rheological behaviour.