By K. Evans, J. A. Rowe (auth.), S. B. Sharma (eds.)
When Franklin released her ebook on cyst nematodes in 1951, the cyst nematodes have been already referred to as severe pests of brassicas, cereals, potatoes and sugar beets. even though, at the moment this crew of nematode, with approximately 12 species, used to be thought of tobe mostly temperate in distribu tion. Now a complete of one hundred and five species (including those who are regarded as synonyms or species inquirende via a few or all) inside of six genera of cyst nematodes were defined from temperate, tropical, and subtropical areas and not less than 5 species are very important constraints to crop produc tion in tropical agriculture. the former impact of localization of cyst nematodes within the temperate quarter was once possible an artifact as a result of a better focus of nematologists within the temperate areas. in line with my very own event of operating in numerous Asian and African nations, i think that many extra undescribed species are found in the tropical international locations of Asia and Africa, and doubtless in different tropical areas. such a lot growers, extension staff, and examine managers in those areas are nonetheless no longer conscious of the potential damage of presence of those nematodes of their agricultural soils. The cyst nematodes are maybe smaller than the smallest to be had machine chip yet they're rather well programmed to outlive and professional pagate regardless of serious hardships. those nematodes are very selective of their number of meals; approximately 50% of identified species are parasites of crops ordinarily within the households Poaceae and Fabaceae.
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Sturhan, D. (1993) Beet cyst nematode, Heterodera schachtii, on tomato in Cape Verde. FAO Plant Protection Bulletin, 42, 70--71. Sturhan, D. and Wouts, W. M. (1995) On the identity of Heterodera turcomanica Kirjanova and Shagalina, 1965 and synonymy of the Genus Ephippiodera with Heterodera (Nematoda: Heteroderidae). Nematologica, 41, 566--74. Stynes, B. A. sp. a cyst nematode from grass in Australia. Nematologica, 17, 213-18. 30 Distribution and economic importance Subbotin, S. J. and Sturhan, D.
L. (1993) Nematode pests of oilseed crops and grain legumes, in Plant parasitic nematodes in temperate agriculture (eds K. L. M. Webster), CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 209-58. Riggs, R. D. and Schmitt, D. P. (1988) Complete characterization of the race scheme for Heterodera glycines. Journal of Nematology, 20, 392-95. Robbins, R. T. sp. Journal of Nematology, 10, 250-54. Ruehle, J. L. and Sasser, J. N. (1962) The role of plant parasitic nematodes in stunting of pines in southern plantations.
Birchfield, W. (1973) Pathogenesis and host parasitic relations of the cyst nematode Heterodera graminophila on grasses. Phytopathology, 63, 38--40. Bridge, J. D. (1980) The beet cyst nematode in tropical Africa. Plant Disease, 64, 1036. Brodie, B. , Evans, K. and Franco, J. (1993) Nematode parasites of potatoes, in Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Temperate Agriculture, (eds K. Evans, D. L. Trudgill and J. M. Webster), CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 87-132. Brown, R. H. (1974) Further sturlies on the Victorian biotype of the cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae).