By J. Jacob Wikner
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Extra resources for Studies on CMOS digital-to-analog converters
Example text
So called system-on-chip (SOC) approaches. We may also consider the interface (Fig. 1) between the digital and analog domains as typical mixed-signal circuits. The data converters contains circuits operating on both analog and digital signals. Typically, the digital circuits have a high switching activity yielding large current and voltage spikes through the supply wires and substrate. In a low-ohmic, positively doped substrate without twin-well option, the bulks (the potential of the substrate) of the analog and digital NMOS transistors are almost shorted.
Especially dynamic element matching (DEM) techniques are considered but also other pre-distortion techniques to cancel specific DAC errors. In most cases the binary code is not optimum in terms of performance, since it will give rise to glitches and sensitivity to matching errors. Instead the thermometer code is widely used. We show an interesting comparison of the results when using several different input codes in the DAC. A compromise between extremes is the proposed linear-coded approach. Chapter 8 contains appendices with derivation of formulas throughout the thesis.
We find that the increase in data rate using DSL is large over the established, common techniques. 2. Specifics of different xDSL standards compared to voice channel techniques and ISDN. The bandwidths are given by approximate numbers. 1 DSL Analog Front End (AFE) We will take a closer look at the analog front end (AFE) for DSL to illustrate some of the design challenges. A principle block view of an AFE for ADSL [1, 2, 17] is shown in Fig. 8 and we see that the picture reassembles that of the general communication system shown in Fig.