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Stephen J. Gould: The Scientific Legacy by Niles Eldredge (auth.), Gian Antonio Danieli, Alessandro

By Niles Eldredge (auth.), Gian Antonio Danieli, Alessandro Minelli, Telmo Pievani (eds.)

Stephen J. Gould’s maximum contribution to technological know-how is a revised model of the idea of evolution which deals at the present time an invaluable framework for knowing development in lots of evolutionary fields. His intuitions in regards to the conjunction of evolution and improvement, the position of ecological elements in speciation, the multi-level interpretation of the devices of choice, and the interaction among sensible pressures and constraints all characterize fruitful strains of experimental examine. His competition to the revolutionary representations of evolution, the gene-centered view of common historical past, or the adaptationist “just-so tales” has additionally left its mark on present biology.

In may well 2012, on the Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti in Venice, a global panel of scientists and philosophers mentioned Stephen J. Gould’s legacy, ten years after his loss of life. This booklet provides a variety of these contributions, selected for his or her curiosity and value. A vast variety of subject matters are lined: Gould’s contribution to evolutionary concept, together with the concept that of punctuated equilibria and the significance of his pluralism; the Gouldian view of genome and improvement; Gould’s legacy in anthropology; and, ultimately, the importance of his idea for the human sciences.

This booklet offers a desirable appraisal of the cultural legacy of 1 of the world’s maximum well known writers within the existence sciences. this can be the 1st time that scientists together with a few of Gould’s own acquaintances and co-authors of papers of momentous value comparable to Niles Eldredge have come jointly to strike a balanced view of Gould's highbrow heritage.

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Ethology 92:89–107 Dunn KM, Cherkas LF, Spector TD (2005) Genetic influences on variation in female orgasmic function: a twin study. Biol Lett 1:260–263 Godfrey-Smith P (2001) Three kinds of adaptationism. In: Orzack SH, Sober E (eds) Adaptationism and optimality. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 344–362 Gould SJ (1987) Freudian slip. Nat Hist 96:14–21 Gould SJ, Lewontin RC (1979) The spandrels of san Marco and the panglossian paradigm. Proc Roy Soc Lond B 205:581–598 Hosken DJ (2008) Clitoral variation says nothing about female orgasm.

Faulty A: This trait has no known function or correlation with fitness, and may not be a direct product of selection at all (what adaptationists call the ‘‘null’’ hypothesis, which they think, falsely, is equal to the byproduct hypothesis)] Etc. What evolutionary factors account for the form and distribution of this trait? Possible Answers: A: This trait occurs in the population because it has the function B, which is an adaptation A: This trait has its current form and distribution among one sex largely because it is a byproduct of selection on the opposite sex’s trait A: This trait occurs widely in this population because it is genetically linked to a trait that is highly adaptive in this species A: This trait has its current form largely because of an ancestral developmental pattern.

The evolutionary explanation for the existence of male nipples is a non-adaptive one in the males, based on the development of the embryo. Males and females share the same embryological form at the beginnings of life; they start off with the same basic body plan, and only if the (chromosomally male) embryos receive a heavy dose of hormones during the 8th week of pregnancy do any sexually distinguishing characteristics appear. In females, nipples are adaptations—they were actively selected for—but the males get them for free.

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