By Mona Lena Krook
In recent times, political events and nationwide legislatures in additional than 100 nations have followed quotas for the choice of girl applicants to political workplace. regardless of the swift overseas diffusion of those measures, so much examine has interested by unmarried international locations - or, at so much, the presence of quotas inside one international sector. hence, reasons for the adoption and influence of gender quotas derived from one research usually contradict with findings from different instances. Quotas for ladies in Politics is the 1st e-book to handle quotas as an international phenomenon to give an explanation for their unfold and influence in diversified contexts worldwide. it's equipped round units of questions. First, why are quotas followed? Which actors are curious about quota campaigns, and why do they aid or oppose quota measures? moment, what results do quotas have on current styles of political illustration? Are those provisions enough for bringing extra girls into politics? Or, does their impression rely on different positive factors of the wider political context? Synthesizing literature on quota rules, this e-book develops a framework for interpreting the unfold of quota provisions and the explanations for adaptations of their results. It then applies this framework to ascertain and evaluate campaigns for reserved seats in Pakistan and India, celebration quotas in Sweden and the uk, and legislative quotas in Argentina and France.
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Extra info for Quotas for Women in Politics: Gender and Candidate Selection Reform Worldwide
Sample text
Examples include campaigns where international organizations give new force to the normative arguments presented by women’s movement organizations by framing quotas as a central feature of a modern state, and even as the best route to economic modernization and development (Krook 2006b; Towns 2004). This partnership is particularly effective when states are sensitive to international scrutiny, where elites come to view quotas as a means to cultivate international legitimacy, foster perceptions of domestic legitimacy, or avoid being viewed as pariahs in the international community (Ellerby 2008; Howard-Merriam 1990; Reyes 2002).
A third group points to higher rates of implementation across all parties in states where political cultures emphasize sexual difference and group representation (Meier 2004), and lower rates in countries where political cultures stress sexual equality and individual representation (Inhetveen 1999). THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GENDER QUOTAS 41 These accounts are persuasive in connecting quota effectiveness to the presence of certain electoral, partisan, and normative characteristics. Other studies suggest, nonetheless, that quotas may succeed in a variety of institutional contexts.
Indeed, the countries where they exist seem to have little else in common, given their diverse political, social, economic, and cultural characteristics. The present literature offers a number of important insights into this question, as most research thus far has focused on explaining quota adoption by identifying the core actors in quota campaigns and their reasons for pursuing or opposing quota reform. Yet, the vast majority of these studies emphasize domestic explanations, despite the fact that quotas appeared on political agendas in many countries around the same time (Krook 2006b).