By Sankar Chatterjee, R. J. Templin
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Additional resources for Posture, Locomotion, and Paleoecology of Pterosaurs (GSA Special Paper 376)
Sample text
Our estimated masses for the following six species of pterosaurs match well with the published accounts: Eudimorphodon and Dorygnathus (Hazlehurst and Rayner, 1992a); Nyctosaurus, Dsungaripterus, and Pteranodon (Brower and Veinus, 1981). Posture, locomotion, and paleoecology of pterosaurs For the remaining five taxa—Rhamphorhynchus, Pterodactylus, Tapejara, Anhanguera, and Quetzalcoatlus, we provide the estimated masses (Table 1). Wing Area and Wingspan The estimation of the wing area (symbol S) is complicated by the uncertainty regarding the caudal extension of the patagium to the leg.
The flying animal demands acute vision for guidance and a large cerebellum for balance and coordination. The development of stable flapping flight required the integration by the cerebellum of the continuous proprioceptive input from the muscles with the output from the motor centers. , 2003). The most striking aspect of pterosaur brain morphology is the space devoted to the vestibular system and the sense of equilibrium in the cerebellar area. The enlarged flocculus in pterosaurs may relate to receiving proprioceptive afferents from the wing.
27 6 10. 04 10 Species 10 *Anaerobic power momentum stream tube theory, which may be unfamiliar to most readers, to analyze the flight performance of pterosaurs. A full account of the method as applied to flying animals is given in Templin (2000), but since that reference in the aeronautical literature, may not be readily available, and in any case is rather technical, a summary is given here. Most functional analyses of flight performances of flying animals have centered on birds, taking advantage of aerodynamic equations used in aircraft design.