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Physiology and Pathology of Membrane Digestion by Aleksandr M. Ugolev (auth.)

By Aleksandr M. Ugolev (auth.)

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Extra info for Physiology and Pathology of Membrane Digestion

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The rate of the hydrolysis of proteins and polysaccharides in the intestinal tract is considerably higher than that performed in vitro by the enzymes of the contents of the intestine. Here one must arrive at the conclusion that the hydrolysis in vivo is accomplished by the enzymes acting in the cavity of the small intestine as well as by the enzymes bound to the structures of the intestinal cells. It appears important to direct attention once more to the circumstance that the presence of enzymatic activity in the contents of digestive cavities or in the fluid surrounding the cellular material, indicating the presence of distal digestion, does not offer adequate groundS lor the denial of the presence of cellular digestion.

It has been established that bile salts favor the hydrolysis of fats, although the mechanism of their action is far from clear. It is possible that the addition of bile increases the intensity of hydrolysis of fats by raising the optimum pH of lipase to values which prevail in the upper portions of the small intestine (Borgstrom, 1954). An assumption has been expressed according to which the role of bile acids consists in the alteration of physicochemical properties of the enzymesubstrate complex.

If enzymatic inhibitors do not penetrate the cell and if in their presence the enzymatic activity is sharply reduced or absent, then the conclusion that the hydrolysis was membranal and not intracellular appears very probable. One must, however, keep in mind that it is theoretically possible to deal in this case with the alteration of true DIGESTIVE PROCESSES IN THE SMALL INTESTINE 31 intracellular hydrolysis because of a blocking by the inhibitors of the passages or pores along which the foodstuff substrates penetrate the cell.

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