By André Motte; Pierre Somville
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Extra resources for Ousia dans la philosophie grecque des origines à Aristote
Sample text
LtV ... ltv ... ,. ltç ... lSv) les mots de Socrate en 393 d 3 - e 10 (où apparait le mot OÙGtu)10. On peut enfin signaler ici les différentes étymologies du terme oÎJGtU proposées par Socrate (401 c 3 - d 7 et 421 b 8 ; cf. infra). C. ANALYSE SÉMANTIQUE a) Introduction: une notion problématique Si on lit la littérature secondaire sur le Gratyle, on comprend vite qu'on ne s'adonne point à l'étude du terme oOGtU dans ce dialogue sous des auspices favorables. En effet, plus d'un commentateur a souligné que la signification du mot n'est pas claire du tout: 'Essence' is also vague; my excuse here is that Plata himself is vague about the exact meaning of oùcria in the dialogue ll , » « Despite the fact that in the Cratylus Plato constantly talks about the « nature (oùcrîa) of things, » he nowhere really explains what the oùcrîa of « 9 Cf.
PHÈDRE Pierre SOMVILLE Editi(ID de référence J. BURNET, Platonis opera, t. II, tetralogias ill-IV continens (Scriptorum c1assi- corum bib1iotheca oxoniensis), Oxford, 1979 16 [= 1901]. lU"'-'O" éditions et traductions consultées ROBIN et P. VICAIRE, Platon. Phèdre, Paris, Belles Lettres (CUF), 1983 . Platon, Phèdre ou De la beauté des âmes, Paris, Payot, 1922. s, 4 dans le premier discours de Socrate, 3 dans son second discours dans la dernière partie, dialoguée, de l'œuvre. Îérenc:es, voir le b) ci-dessous).
89 something is. At 423E Socrates asserts that aIl things have a nature, but does flot say anything more about it 12 • » Dans cette perspective, continuer à chercher systématiquement la signification d'oùGta dans le Gratyle revient peut-être à faire montre d'une (\~ptç qui va aboutir nécessairement à la ruine. Le commentateur risque de partager le sort des héros tragiques. Mais il deviendrait au moins un héros. Persistons donc! lSG1<; divine ne tarde pas. Le premier passage à examiner, dans lequel Socrate essaie de découvrir l'étymologie du nom de la déesse Resda, met le commentateur immédiatement en difficulté.