By Arturo Muente-Kunigami
Telecommunications zone policy-makers and regulators have quite a lot of tools to be had to them that may be used to extend entry to telecommunications prone in rural and low-income parts. The paper offers a assessment of those tools, comparing them opposed to a suite of standards. It then is going directly to determine a couple of them which are valuable of additional attention by means of policy-makers and regulators whereas demonstrating that the effectiveness of the pointed out tools will be vastly improved by way of the institution of a conducive criminal, regulatory and institutional framework. The paper concludes by means of confirming that whereas no unmarried tool taken in isolation grants a whole way to common entry, a mixture of the measures pointed out should be devised to accomplish particular coverage ambitions in a selected state atmosphere.
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Additional info for Options to Increase Access to Telecommunications Services in Rural and Low-Income Areas (World Bank Working Papers)
Sample text
Access Deficit Charges Criteria Comments Overall effectiveness to deal with the gap it intends to close When applied on incumbents with low coverage, this mechanism does not create incentives to expand the network but rather to deal with high-cost clients in an existing network. How well targeted it is to the intended population Only covers that portion of the target population currently covered. This mechanism by itself does not create enough incentives to expand the network to areas that are not currently covered.
Assessment Box 7. Introduction of Bottom-Up Projects Criteria Comments Overall effectiveness to deal with the gap it intends to close This mechanism allows local entrepreneurs propose complementary projects at a community level. It complements nationwide tenders and creates opportunities for projects that may leverage specific characteristics from individual communities. How well targeted it is to the intended population Bottom-up projects should be aimed at rural communities that lack telecommunications services.
This involves not only the actual tender event but also tender design, technology neutral technical specifications, overall transparency throughout the process with open communications between bidders and government, predefined clear triggers for payment of subsidy, overall legal and regulatory framework, design of the contract, among others. ■ Sustainability. Demand uptake in the medium term should be sufficient to offset operating expenses after subsidy transfers end. Bottom-up Projects As mentioned before, by introducing bottom-up projects service delivery potentially speeds up and reaches the target population faster with tailor-made solutions, but in exchange project design is affected, as well as the process of subsidy allocation.