By Vadim V. Ivanov, Igor M. Filanovsky
Operational Amplifier velocity and Accuracy Improvement proposes a brand new method for the layout of analog built-in circuits. The usefulness of this system is proven in the course of the layout of an operational amplifier. this technique contains the subsequent iterative steps: description of the circuit performance at a excessive point of abstraction utilizing sign movement graphs; an identical variations and variations of the graph to the shape the place all very important parameters are managed by way of devoted suggestions loops; and implementation of the constitution utilizing a library of easy cells. Operational Amplifier velocity and Accuracy Improvement indicates the right way to opt for buildings and layout circuits which increase an operational amplifier's very important parameters corresponding to pace to strength ratio, open loop achieve, common-mode voltage rejection ratio, and tool offer rejection ratio. an identical process is used to layout clamps and restricting circuits which increase the functionality of the amplifier outdoors of its linear working sector, similar to slew expense enhancement, output brief circuit present hindrance, and enter overload restoration.
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Extra resources for Operational amplifier speed and accuracy improvement : analog circuit design with structural methodology
Sample text
The minimal output voltage of the current source shown in fig. 312a should not be less than VgsM3. In this respect the circuits shown in fig. 313 are improving the output impedance without using long-cannel devices and at the same time decrease the minimum output voltage. Fig. 3-14 shows how the circuit of fig. 6u CMOS process. The implemented circuit uses the current-input amplifier. 3 V. Using the feedback loop improves the current source output resistance in about 50 times and decreases the trioding voltage from 350 mV to 60 mV.
It can be shown that this similarity is a consequence of the energy preservation law. On the structural level there is no difference between design of the bipolar or CMOS OpAmp, of the cruise missile control or of the corporation management structure. 3 Frequency stability in the multiloop system Every feedback loop may become unstable. Good systems are not only stable: they are robust to the parameter and condition variations. This means that they should have the excess stability. The dynamic properties of a system include: - excess stability of the system in all possible conditions (including stability of the periodic oscillations if this is the system operating mode); - low sensitivity (or unresponsiveness) of the dynamic parameters to the variation of component parameters; it can be used as a merit of the excess stability; - dynamic errors, settling time, settling behavior.
Figure 2-9. Extremum selector cells The designer’s basic library by no means is limited by the above considered cells. Additional cells may be created for specific applications and for non-generic processes. For example, JFET transistors, if available on the process, can be used in input differential pairs; the low- and high-VTH “natural” MOS transistors can be used for clamps, for voltage sources and cascoding; the high-voltage depletion-mode MOS transistors for cascoding, etc. 5 Summary The structural design methodology has solid theoretical and philosophical foundation and can be applied in any control systems development, from amplifiers to social systems.