By Raymond C. Valentine, David L. Valentine
The physical-chemical houses of the omega-3 fatty acid DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) let it to facilitate speedy biochemical methods within the membrane. This impact has various advantages, together with these concerned about the expansion of micro organism, speedy power iteration, human imaginative and prescient, mind impulse, and photosynthesis, to call a couple of. but DHA additionally includes hazards which can result in mobile loss of life and disorder. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and the DHA precept explores the jobs of omega-3 fatty acids in mobile membranes starting from human neurons and swimming sperm to deep sea micro organism, and develops a precept wherein to evaluate their merits and dangers. ? The DHA precept states that the mixing of lipids to shape mobile membranes is evolutionarily-honed to maximise profit whereas minimizing chance, and complicated mixing code concerning conformational dynamics, strength pressure, strength yield, and chemical balance underlies all mobile membranes. ? This ebook lays the foundation to knowing this code. It examines the evolution of DHA and the membrane and explores the overall homes of omega-3s and different membrane lipids. It then makes a speciality of mobile biology sooner than moving to a realistic dialogue on functions. The authors talk about the DHA precept as utilized to petroleum degradation, winemaking, worldwide warming, molecular farming, getting older, neurodegenerative illnesses, and the prevention of colon melanoma. Reflecting the elevated public curiosity that has emerged through the years, this quantity makes use of an integrative method of clarify the complicated roles of omega-3s within the membrane. Incorporating ideas from chemistry, mobile biology, evolution, and ecology, this paintings offers researchers in a number of fields the construction blocks to stimulate additional learn. ?
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Extra info for Omega-3 Fatty Acids and the DHA Principle
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P. Bernstein, and L. J. Allamandola. 2002. The first cell membranes. Astrobiology 2:371–381. , A. Johann, T. Hartsch, et al. 2002. The genome of Methanosarcina mazei: Evidence for lateral gene transfer between Bacteria and Archaea. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 4:453–461. , and A. Gambacorta. 1988. The lipids of Archaebacteria. Prog. Lipid Res. 27:153–175. , A. Relini, and P. -G. Chong. 2002. Structures and permeability properties of biomimetic membranes of bolaform archaeal tetraether lipids.
It also seems reasonable that membrane vesicles having evolved some internal specialization were subject to environmental stresses, such as temperature, which had the power to destroy the integrity of the vesicle, essentially defeating the “inside” advantage. Thus, the proto-cellular era of early life may have already been an important proving ground for selection of the fittest membrane lipids. However, the presumed lack of selectivity in lipid acquisition, the lack of complex lipid biosynthetic pathways, and the requirement for compatible lipids in proto-membranes likely limited the complexity and specialization of protomembranes.
15°C). It is now recognized that © 2010 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC Darwinian Selection of the Fittest Membrane Lipids 27 phospholipid structures with properties similar to di-DHA are abundant in nature and play important roles such as harvesting light in plants (see Chapter 11). 4 Summary Darwinian selection of the fittest membrane seems to distinguish archaea from bacteria, mitochondria, and chloroplasts, with archaea specializing in immobile but highly energy-conserving lipid chains, in contrast to bacteria and eukaryotes whose bilayers are laterally mobile but inherently more proton leaky.