By David P. Morgan
We want to take this chance to thank all of these individ uals who helped us gather this article, together with the folks of Lockheed Sanders and Nestor, Inc., whose encouragement and aid have been tremendously favored. furthermore, we want to thank the individuals of the Lab oratory for Engineering Man-Machine platforms (LEMS) and the guts for Neural technology at Brown collage for his or her widespread and priceless discussions on a few themes mentioned during this textual content. even if we either attended Brown from 1983 to 1985, and had places of work within the related construction, it truly is unbelievable that we didn't meet until eventually 1988. We additionally desire to thank Kluwer educational Publishers for his or her profes sionalism and endurance, and the reviewers for his or her positive feedback. due to John McCarthy for acting the ultimate facts, and to John Adcock, Chip Bachmann, Deborah Farrow, Nathan Intrator, Michael Perrone, Ed genuine, Lance Riek and Paul Zemany for his or her reviews and advice. we'd additionally prefer to thank Khrisna Nathan, our such a lot unbi ased and important reviewer, for his feedback for making improvements to the content material and accuracy of this article. a unique thank you is going to Steve Hoffman, who was once instrumental in aiding us practice the experiments defined in bankruptcy 9.
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The observed connectivity and cell diversity are thought to serve as the basis of distinct cellular firing properties [Bourk76, Rhode83a, Rhode83b, Cant84, Young84]. 9: The three principal regions of the cochlear nucleus are shown. Each region receives a geometrically organized arborization of the eighth nerve. Within each region, a laminar organization reflects the tonotopic organization of the basilar membrane (adapted from [KandeI85] 2). The characteristic response properties of the cells of the cochlear nucleus have led to the development of several classification schemes [Pfeiffer66, Young84].
Cells which are stimulated with a tone at the characteristic frequency and with additional tones above and below the characteristic frequency will not respond as strongly for frequencies around the characteristic frequency. 18 THE MAMMALIAN A UDITORY SYSTEM In humans, the outer hair cells outnumber the inner hair cells by nearly four to one. These cells are not sensory cells, rather they are the effectors of an automatic gain control loop which modulates the mechanical motion of the basilar membrane.
Although all response types are found in each of the major subdivisions of the cochlear nucleus, there is a significant spatial variation in the distribution of response types. In general, there is a gradient of increasing response complexity from the AVCN to the DCN [Cant84, Young84]. Specifically, the AVCN seems to be specialized for the preservation of temporal properties of the auditory nerve input. Activity within this region is dominated by the primarylike responses. Sachs et al. have investigated the fine- time properties of primarylike and chopper responses in the AVCN using speech stimuli [Sachs88b].