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Nelson's Officers and Midshipmen (Warrior 131) by Gregory Fremont-Barnes, Steve Noon

By Gregory Fremont-Barnes, Steve Noon

Immortalized in literature via such characters as C. S. Forester's 'Horatio Hornblower' and Patrick O'Brian's 'Jack Aubrey', the officials and midshipmen of the Royal military in the course of the innovative (1792-1802) and Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815) ran the ships that defended nice Britain opposed to the specter of French invasion. this era observed the Royal army in achieving its such a lot momentous victories on the Nile, Copenhagen and Trafalgar, victories that laid the foundation for a interval of British naval and imperial supremacy that might final a century.The males who commanded those ships went via an extended apprenticeship, usually going to sea on the age of 12 or more youthful. they can serve for as much as 60 years, progressing throughout the ranks in a provider that rewarded luck in conflict and advantage to a far higher volume than the modern British Army.This identify, the better half quantity to Warrior a hundred: Nelson's Sailors, describes the tough realities of lifestyles within the Georgian Royal military for all ranks of officer from the bottom midshipman to the main senior admiral and covers the exploits of guys corresponding to Horatio Nelson and Thomas Cochrane who supplied the root for the fictitious figures that stay so well known to at the present time.

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Within the confined space of their cabins captains had to share space with guns. When the crews were called to action, the cabin partitions were removed and the officers' personal possessions stowed away so that the gunners could operate their weapons without hindrance. Partitions were generally made only of canvas, sometimes mounted on a wooden frame, but the captain's quarters could be separated off entirely by wooden panels. To assist him, the captain had a small retinue of servants, varying in number according 38 to the size of the ship.

Lieutenants also c o m m a n d e d small groups of sailors in boat actions, led boarding parties and c o m m a n d e d landing parties that undertook raids against naval installations or enemy ships anchored in port. A C T I O N O N THE L O W E R G U N DECK OF A S H I P OF THE LINE In this typical scene in the midst of battle, a lieutenant (1) and midshipman (2) shout instructions to a gun crew while they prime the charge and manhandle a 24-pdr into position before firing. ' 50 Captains played a rather different role in action.

All of this business, and much 48 more besides, an admiral was required to report to the Secretary o f the Admiralty, w h o then conveyed this information to the Lords Commissioners. O n his return to Britain, he was personally to report to his superiors in L o n d o n with a written account of his voyage or expedition and a c o p y of his journal for inspection. W h e n battle appeared imminent, an admiral acquainted his second-incommand with what was expected of him and issued general orders to his fleet, as Nelson did in October 1805 o n the eve of Trafalgar, distilling his thoughts into simple written instructions, on the basis that in the smoke and confusion of battle individual ship captains might not be able to see signals hoisted aboard the flagship or those communicated in turn by the frigates: 'The Second in C o m m a n d will in all possible things direct the movements of his Line, by keeping them as compact as the nature of circumstances will admit.

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