By Hasan-Askari Rizvi (auth.)
This e-book deals a entire examine of the dynamics of civil-military kinfolk in Pakistan. It asks how and why the Pakistan army has obtained this sort of salience within the polity and the way it keeps to steer decision-making on international and safeguard guidelines and key family political, social and fiscal matters. It additionally examines the alterations in the army, the influence of those adjustments on its disposition in the direction of the kingdom and society, and the results for peace and protection in nuclearized South Asia.
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Example text
His government's reliance on the military for suppressing the Baloch nationalist insurgency, alienation of the politically active groups as he suppressed dissent, and his inability to establish the ruling Pakistan People's Party (PPP) as a viable political machine weakened the civilian government. The use of troops to contain the massive street agitation in March±June 1977 made his position extremely vulnerable and enabled the military to retrieve the initiative. 12 Military, State and Society in Pakistan Post-withdrawal Military, State and Society The decision of the top brass under Mirza Aslam Beg (Army Chief: August 1988±August 1991, Vice Chief: March 1987±August 1988) after the death of Zia-ul-Haq in August 1988 to abide by the constitution created the conditions for holding elections and constitutional transfer of power to elected civilian leaders.
How a coup or expanded role of the military will connect with the external environment has become more important now than was the case in the past. The impact of these four clusters of factors on civil±military relations varies. If the civilian procedures and mechanisms for political management and governance are functioning more or less efficiently and the civilian leaders enjoy the broad-based support of the politically active populace, they will be able to regulate the transactions across the boundaries between the civil and the military as well as manage the external environmental factors.
Iv) The International Dimension The military's political profile is also influenced by developments outside the territorial boundaries of the state and the military's international Civil±Military Interaction 25 connections. As discussed earlier, the miliary operates in the international arena more than most other state institutions. During the Cold War period, the two superpowers cultivated the militaries of a number of developing states by supplying sophisticated weaponry and by offering them training and technical know-how.