By John A. Barnden, Mark G. Lee
This designated factor arose out of a symposium on metaphor and synthetic intelligence during which the most orientation was once computational versions and mental processing versions of metaphorical figuring out. The papers during this factor discuss:
*implemented computational structures for dealing with various elements of metaphor understanding;
*how metaphor may be accommodated in approved logical representational frameworks;
*psychological strategies serious about metaphor realizing; and
*the cross-linguistic cognitive fact of conceptual metaphors.
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Extra resources for Metaphor and Artificial Intelligence: A Special Double Issue of metaphor and Symbol (Metaphor and Symbol)
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50 VAN GENABITH generic and the typical and, for expository purposes approximated both in terms of universal quantification). , Black, 1962) that often what is at stake in metaphor interpretation is cultural stereotypes taking the form of stereotypical individuals or prototypes, rather than definitions of classes in terms of necessary and sufficient conditions. In this account, Example 1 is likely to be interpreted as stating that “John is clever” and this interpretation derives from comparing John to a prototype fox.
52 VAN GENABITH 17. ” RESOLUTION The reduced simile reading ∃P(Pj ∧ ∀x(fox x → Px)) of Example 1 is weak and trivialized by the universal property. Trivialization can be excluded in a number of ways, as exemplified in Examples 9, 10, and 11. , informative) instances of the property P shared between tenor and vehicle. From the existentially quantified formula offered as a reduced simile reading of Example 1, we cannot deduce much: Existential quantification over P amounts to a (possibly infinite) disjunction over suitable predicates of the type of P whose extension is required to include both tenor and vehicle.
Instantiation of P relative to an existing axiomatization of background knowledge). ” By contrast, our approach is symmetric. Again, this is because the account developed here provides truth conditions and not a model of the dynamics of an agent’s knowledge states under metaphor comprehension. , Davidson, 1984). , precisely which meaning is intended is uncertain). These aspects feature in the analysis offered here: The literal meaning of Example 1 is fox(j), literal meaning components (fox, j) feature prominently in the representation of the nonliteral meaning of Example 1 in Example 7, and the shared property P is existentially quantified; that is, we know there should be some property that is shared by tenor and vehicle, but we do not know exactly which one.