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Mechanics of Breathing: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and by P. T. Macklem (auth.), Andrea Aliverti, Vito Brusasco, Peter

By P. T. Macklem (auth.), Andrea Aliverti, Vito Brusasco, Peter T. Macklem, Antonio Pedotti (eds.)

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J Appl Physiol64:672-680 12. Johnson BD, Babcock MA, Suman OE, Dempsey JA (1993) Exercise-induced diaphragmatic fatigue in healthy humans. J Physiol460:385-405 13. Aliverti A, Cala SJ, Duranti Ret al (1997) Human respiratory muscle actions and control during exercise. J Appl Physiol83:1256-1269 14. Babcock MA, Pegelow DF, McClaran SR eta! (1995) Contribution of diaphragmatic power output to exercise-induced diaphragm fatigue. J Appl Physiol78:1710-1719 15. Babcock MA, Pegelow DF, Harms CA et a!

It was first retracted and stretched back to 75% Lo (stretch 1), then retracted and stretched to 100% Lo (stretch 2), finally retracted and stretched again to 100% Lo. Stretch beyond the original length a t which it was activated (stretch 2) causes and reduction in stiffness and contractile tension (stretch 3). D Force during stretch inC plotter versus length ment of the contractile apparatus of airway smooth muscle cells is reorganized in response to contractile stimulation at different muscle lengths, and that stretch of a contracted muscle beyond the length to which it is adapted also causes realignment of the contractile apparatus.

Alveolar hypoventilation may occur as a result of the inspiratory muscles not being able to generate the required pressures or when an altered breathing pattern, such as the tachypneic pattern sometimes associated with respiratory muscle fatigue, occurs. However, it is unlikely that alveolar hypoventilation contributes to exercise limitation, since, in the previously cited studies documenting inspiratory muscle fatigue, ventilation was generally appropriate for the given metabolic demand. Indeed, studies that have fatigued the respiratory muscles prior to whole body exercise have observed a subsequent tachypnea and hyperventilatory response [20, 21, 28].

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