By F. Ackermann (auth.), Prof. D. Varjú, Prof. H.-U. Schnitzler (eds.)
The German Society of Cybernetics organizes foreign meetings on chosen interdisciplinary issues in common 3-year periods. the purpose of those conferences is to assemble scientists who paintings in relatively diversified disciplines, yet are faced with similar difficulties and use an identical or related ways. the subject of the 1983 convention which used to be hung on March 23-25 on the college of Tiibingen got here from a customary box of analysis during which engineers, biologists, and phYSicists percentage a standard curiosity. we don't are looking to speak about right here intimately the typical rules that are utilized by nature and via engineers to unravel the issues linked to localization and orientation, because the reader will locate adequate examples during this quantity. The query, even if, no matter if the individuals of such conferences can rather benefit from one another, merits a few additional consid eration. First, there's the trouble of discovering a standard language. This nonetheless appears to be like an issue, even though in a few fields the language of engineers and biologists has develop into very comparable through the years, an effect we additionally received throughout the convention. lots of the authors made an excellent ef fortress to exploit a vocabulary that is comprehensible to humans open air their very own box of analysis, yet, admittedly, no longer all succeeded.
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Example text
Although estimation of the exact position requires a minimum of three microphones, one can reduce the number to two by assuming a known geometry and a constant source velocity over a suffiCiently small time interval. Examining this constancy for some proper traces across the road leads to an estimated value of velocity, which, with the zero-crossing in turn leads to the source position, whereas the moving direction is given by the polarity of the "S"-shaped time delay curve. The maximum range of performance and angle of resolution are controlled by the distance between the two microphones and the road, as well as by the sampling frequency.
Further developments in the microwave technology of transmitters, receivers and antennas, especially for multichannel systems, are required. Absolute intensity calibration over a large dynamic range poses a difficult but important challenge. Storage of mass data from high data rate sources, and hardware and software for rapid handling and processing of large quantities of data are key requirements for high resolution imaging systems. The most essential key to the future success of user related applications of microwave sensing is signature research, aiming at understanding the information transfer in wave-object interaction and at the development of inversion techniques for the extraction of user data from sensor data with low ambiguity.
5, grey-scaled to fit requirements of reproduction), which on the left side shows the weight vector with its 128 elements along 512 points in time. The typical "S"-shape can readily be seen. Evaluating its maximum, the calculated velocity is shown in the lower part of the picture, for the rear (-) middle and front part (0) of the road respectively. The overlayed bar indicates the specific velocity displayed at the left bottom of the screen. By taking the middle of the road for true parallel distance Yi> a good estimate of velocity is given in most cases.