By Hallam Stevens
Thirty years in the past, the main most likely position to discover a biologist was once status at a laboratory bench, peering down a microscope, surrounded by means of flasks of chemical compounds and petri dishes jam-packed with micro organism. this present day, you're simply as more likely to locate her or him in a room that appears extra like an place of work, poring over strains of code on computing device monitors. using desktops in biology has extensively reworked who biologists are, what they do, and the way they comprehend existence. In Life Out of Sequence, Hallam Stevens seems to be within this new panorama of electronic clinical work. Stevens chronicles the emergence of bioinformatics—the mode of operating throughout and among biology, computing, arithmetic, and statistics—from the Nineteen Sixties to the current, looking to know the way wisdom approximately existence is made in and during digital areas. He exhibits how clinical facts strikes from residing organisms into DNA sequencing machines, via software program, and into databases, pictures, and clinical guides. What he unearths is a biology very diverse from the only of predigital days: a biology that incorporates not just biologists but in addition hugely interdisciplinary groups of managers and employees; a biology that's extra founded on DNA sequencing, yet one who is familiar with series by way of dynamic cascades and hugely interconnected networks. Life Out of series thus deals the computational biology neighborhood welcome context for his or her personal paintings whereas additionally giving the general public a frontline point of view of what's occurring during this quickly altering field.
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Extra info for Life Out of Sequence: A Data-Driven History of Bioinformatics
Sample text
These fields are largely distinct from “informatics,” which is broken down into informatics proper (“methods/tools for management and analysis of information/data”) and “bioinformatics” (“development of methods for analysis of biological data”). ” This figure represents a particular perspective on a messy and complicated landscape; other biologists would no doubt have their own versions. Bioinformatics is multiple and heterogeneous—not a single entity, but a multitude of different practices. Characterizing it in full requires attending to different scenes and spaces where bioinformatics is taking place.
Finally, large pharmaceutical companies have 46 CHAPTER TWO A disciplinary map of “informatics,” “bioinformatics,” “computational biology,” “biology,” and “systems biology” according to one practitioner. 91), lecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, February 8, 2007. 3 If we were to enter these spaces where bioinformatics takes place, what would we observe? To give a sense of the diversity of practice, I describe five scenes that typify work in these various institutional spaces. : : : Scene 1—Office: We enter a building housing an academic biology department.
But these uses can mostly be characterized in terms of a speeding up or scaling up: using computers, more data could be gathered, they could be stored more easily, and they could be analyzed more efficiently. Computers succeeded in biology when applied to these data-driven tasks. But biologists often dealt with small amounts of data—or data that were not easily computerizable—so the effects of the computer were limited. The emergence of DNA, RNA, and protein sequences in molecular biology provided the opportunity for the computer to make more fundamental transformations of biological work.