By Sergio Lopes Viana, Maria Custódia Machado Ribeiro, Bruno Beber Machado (auth.)
Knowledge of the imaging appearances of the immature joint is essential for proper photograph interpretation, but this can be a rather overlooked topic within the literature and in education. This publication provides the fundamental details on imaging of the immature joint with the purpose of supplying radiologists (musculoskeletal experts and generalists alike) and different experts with a brand new instrument that may support enormously in overcoming the day-by-day demanding situations posed by means of interpretation of pediatric examinations within the twenty-first century. the hole chapters think about the present position, merits, and boundaries of every modality in pediatric review and current the imaging appearances of anatomic and developmental peculiarities of the turning out to be skeleton. Findings in a variety of vital stipulations are then defined in a sequence of richly illustrated chapters that current appearances on different imaging reviews, from traditional radiography via to trendy high-tech modalities.
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Extra info for Joint Imaging in Childhood and Adolescence
Example text
Areas of bone marrow edema centered about the physis are occasionally found in adolescents, notably in the knees. Such areas of focal periphyseal edema affect the epiphyseal and the metaphyseal bone marrow and may be occasionally painful, representing the early stages of physeal closure (Fig. 15); in the authors’ experience, post-contrast enhancement may also be present (Fig. 16). They can be found in more than one bone in the same joint or even in more than one joint at the same time. Open physes usually act as barriers between the epiphyseal and metaphyseal vascular beds, limiting the propagation of neoplastic lesions and infections (Fig.
Bone scintigraphy is highly sensitive, capable to study the entire skeleton in a single study and to detect “occult” sites of multifocal disease (tumors, infection, arthritides). Nonetheless, low specificity and poor spatial resolution limit its usefulness. • CT has high spatial resolution and multiplanar capabilities, providing excellent assessment of bone anatomy. However, it delivers ionizing radiation and is limited in the evaluation of the soft tissues, and the iodinated contrast agents are potentially nephrotoxic.
26 Avascular necrosis of the femoral head is a well-known complication of JIA. Anteroposterior (a) and lateral (b) views of the hips evidence osteonecrosis of the left femoral head, with bone remodeling, 51 b abnormal epiphyseal shape, widening and shortening of the femoral neck, and subchondral lucencies. 3 Fig. 27 Planigraphy of the right temporomandibular joint (open mouth) of a patient with JIA revealing late-stage arthritic changes, with extensive destruction of the mandibular condyle, bone fragmentation, and erosions of the joint surfaces.