By Geoffrey Holmes
Referred to as ¿The Analysts¿ Bible¿ via the traders Chronicle this ebook courses the reader in the course of the conventions and complexities of news and bills
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Additional resources for Interpreting Company Reports And Accounts, 9th Edition
Sample text
If the shares are fully paid, the members’ liability is limited to the money they have put up: the maximum risk a shareholder runs is to lose all the money he has paid for his shares, and no further claim can be made on him for liabilities incurred by the company. If the shares are only partly paid, shareholders (and to a limited extent former shareholders) can be called upon to subscribe some or all of the unpaid part, but no more than that. Limited by guarantee This method is used for charitable and similar organisations, where funds are raised by donations and no shares are issued.
Ordinary stock Ordinary stock is a historical legacy from the days when every share in issue had to be numbered; some companies used to convert their shares into stock when they became fully paid (as this avoided the bother of numbers), and a few companies continue to use the term. Ordinary stock can, in theory, be transferred in any monetary amount, while shares can only be bought and sold individually; in practice ordinary stock is normally traded in multiples of £1, so the terms ‘ordinary share’ and ‘ordinary stock’ are effectively synonymous.
Avoid companies where the boardroom’s total rewards are high in comparison with pre-tax profits. Share capital and reserves Effect of inflation At times of high inflation there is a serious flaw in share schemes for directors and employees: SHARE SCHEMES Effect of high inflation Options are granted at the current share price of 100p, exercisable in between three and seven years. After seven years the value of money has halved, and the share price has gone up to 200p. The real value to the shareholder is unchanged, but the option holders have doubled their money.