By Janice C. Jones (auth.), Shaul Yalovsky, František Baluška, Alan Jones (eds.)
This quantity makes a speciality of constitution, functionality and law of plant signaling G proteins and their functionality in hormonal pathways, polarity, differentiation, morphogenesis and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.
Plants are sessile organisms that have to constantly coordinate among exterior and inner cues. This coordination calls for the life of hubs to permit cross-talk among assorted signaling pathways. A unmarried kinfolk of Rho GTPases termed both ROPS or RACs and heterotrimeric G proteins have emerged because the significant molecular switches in multitude of sign transduction pathway in crops.
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Rho GTPase/RhoGDI interactions are also modulated by stimulus-induced phosphorylation either of Rho GTPases or of RhoGDIs by a range of different protein kinases (DerMardirossian and Bokoch 2005; DerMardirossian et al. 2006; Knezevic et al. 2007; Qiao et al. 2008). Much less is known about regulatory mechanisms controlling RhoGAP and RhoGDI activity in plants, although membrane association of a RhoGAP in tobacco pollen tubes was proposed to be modulated by phosphorylation-dependent interaction with a 14-3-3 protein (Klahre and Kost 2006; see section “NtRhoGAP1: Polarity Maintenance at the Tip of Tobacco Pollen Tubes”).
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Nt14-3-3b-1 is specifically expressed at high levels in tobacco pollen and pollen tubes, has no effect on tobacco pollen tube growth when overexpressed on its own, and displays an even distribution throughout the cytoplasm of these cells when fused to YFP. However, Nt143-3b-1 coexpression strongly alleviates the inhibition of tobacco pollen tube growth induced by NtRhoGAP1 overexpression, and almost completely prevents the accumulation of NtRhoGAP1 YFP fusion proteins at the plasma membrane. NtRhoGAP1 contains a consensus motif predicted to confer phosphorylation-sensitive binding to 14-3-3 proteins.