By Paul Levy
The 3rd version of this acclaimed textual content introduces scholars to the mental components lively within the place of work, together with the psychology of the staff, worker well-being and health, organizational habit, motivation, human assets, and numerous dynamics of labor interplay.
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In other words, it wasn’t until the Hawthorne Studies that team development, supervision, group process, worker morale, and other organizational phenomena played much of a role in the I/O field. 3 Hawthorne Illumination Study Description Experiment 1 Test group would work under different light intensities, whereas control group would work under constant light. Experiment 2 Test group would work under less intense light, whereas control group would work under same light intensity. Experiment 3 Workers’ lighting expectations were the focus of this study.
On the contrary, it makes what we do more integral to the functioning of organizations: No longer can we focus just on the management and leadership training for traditional “managers”; we must also develop programs for employees to guarantee that they can function in these new leaderless groups. In short, I/O psychologists need to prepare current and future employees for this very different approach to organizational functioning. This diversity requires much more coordination and sensitivity to “differences” on the part of management and employees.
This page intentionally left blank 2 Research Methods in I/O Psychology STEVE NIEDORF PHOTOGRAPHY/GETTY IMAGES CHAPTER CHAPTER OUTLINE What Is Science? Goals of Science Assumptions of Science Theories Ethics Research Terminology and Basic Concepts Independent and Dependent Variables Internal and External Validity Control A Model of the Research Process Types of Research Designs Experimental Methods Observational Methods Data Collection Techniques Naturalistic Observation Case Studies Archival Research Surveys Measurement Reliability Validity of Tests, Measures, and Scales Statistics Measures of Central Tendency Measures of Dispersion Shapes of Distributions Correlation and Regression Meta-Analysis Summary | 19 20 | C H A P T E R 2 Research Methods in I/O Psychology LEARNING OBJECTIVES This chapter should help you understand: ■ The scientific method and its goals and assumptions ■ The importance of theory to science and psychology ■ Internal and external validity ■ The complex interplay among experimental variables ■ How research is conducted, with an emphasis on induction and deduction as well as the five steps involved in the process ■ A variety of measurement issues such as reliability and validity ■ Basic-level statistics ranging from descriptive statistics to correlation and regression Suppose that an organization is having a problem with absenteeism such that, on average, its employees are missing about 15 days of work per year.