By Peter A. Hancock and Najmedin Meshkati (Eds.)
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Example text
A methodology has been developed for measuring the extremely small signals sought, which are hidden in the surrounding cacophony of other brain activity and the electromagnetic noise of the ambient enviromnent, both of which are higher (in an rms sense) than the signal. , between the central and parietal electrode locations on the scalp) are measured for the few seconds following the event. As the event is repeated, the correlated waveform components add up, while the uncorrelated ones average out to near zero, yielding, after tens to hundreds of repeats, the waveform of the desired Event Related Potential, As a cardiogram wave is "interpreted" by cardiologists, the "signature" of the ERP waveform often can be interpreted by psychophysiologists.
R. 0 ' A 2 Y c , - : ; Y c z ' -A ~ Display Separation : 30° Wain Task Error 161 Icm 1 Measuring Mental Workload 21 (relative to the unloaded condition) seems to be the necessary just-noticeable-differenceon which to base incipient overload. However, the absolute levels of unloaded (and thus the incipient overloaded) performance vary from one individual to another, and from day to day. This precludes the use of primary task error as a workload measure, per s e . AUTOMATIC OF WORKIBAD W I N The problem was how to adjust A s to keep workload near the incipient overload point but not to exceed it.
We were able to show, in an elegant series of experiments involving an eye tracker, two tasks and displays and various controlled elements (one with variable subcritical levels of A ) , that the attention to the main task could be systematically, but naturally, varied by requiring the attention to a subcritical side task to be controlled by using different levels of A . The experimental setup is shown in the upper portion of Figure 9 (without the Cross-Coupling Algorithm; discussed later). Some typical results are shown in Figure 10, where the main task attention dwell fraction, Td/Ts; (measured from the eye scanning data) is shown to vary inversely with the side task difficulty, A , in accordance with the theoretical limit shown.