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Gravitation, Cosmology, and Cosmic-Ray Physics by Cosmology, and Cosmic-Ray Physics Panel on Gravitation,

By Cosmology, and Cosmic-Ray Physics Panel on Gravitation, Physics Survey Committee, Board on Physics and Astronomy, National Research Council

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Although the decision to develop a space-based astrometric instrument must be based on the predictable scientific results of such a About this PDF file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created from the original paper book, not from the original typesetting files. Page breaks are true to the original; line lengths, word breaks, heading styles, and other typesetting-specific formatting, however, cannot be retained, and some typographic errors may have been accidentally inserted.

The main limitation on the utility of such data for tests of relativistic gravitational effects has not been measurement accuracy but rather measurement sparsity and the unknown topography of the target planets. Increasing the frequency of measurements and exploiting techniques to map planet topography can substantially improve the radar-ranging contributions to this field. Ranging to Planetary Landers and Orbiters Range measurements from the Earth to the Viking Landers on Mars have been particularly valuable in testing gravitation theories.

The whole is much greater than the sum of its parts. At the levels probed, the solar system is a complex network of gravitational interactions, modeled by an elaborate ephemeris. Each experiment couples to this network with its own unique matrix, and often the interrelations of different experiments are important but by no means apparent. Furthermore, many effects (such as Mercury's perihelion precession) are cumulative with time, so measurements made over the long term are especially sensitive.

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