By Michael Kenney
From Pablo to Osama is a comparative examine of Colombian drug-smuggling companies, terrorist networks (including al Qaeda), and the legislations enforcement firms that search to dismantle them. Drawing on a wealth of analysis fabrics, together with interviews with former drug traffickers and different hard-to-reach informants, Michael Kenney explores how drug traffickers, terrorists, and executive officers assemble, research, and observe wisdom and adventure. The research unearths that the resilience of the Colombian drug exchange and Islamist extremism in wars on medications and terrorism stems in part from the facility of illicit companies to alter their actions in accordance with functional adventure and technical info, shop this information in practices and systems, and choose and preserve exercises that produce passable effects. Traffickers and terrorists “learn,” construction abilities, enhancing practices, and turning into more and more tricky for country experts to get rid of. The e-book concludes by way of exploring theoretical and coverage implications, suggesting that good fortune in wars on medicinal drugs and terrorism relies much less on battling illicit networks with govt intelligence and extra on conquering competency traps—traps that compel coverage makers to take advantage of militarized enforcement options time and again with out wondering even if those courses are in a position to generating the meant effects.
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Additional info for From Pablo to Osama: Trafficking and Terrorist Networks, Government Bureaucracies, and Competitive Adaptation
Example text
Packer Compressed cocaine and heroin into digestible capsules using a hydraulic press. Enforcer Used intimidation and violence to enforce transactions and resolve disputes, including coercing people who owed money for drugs to pay their debts to the enterprise. Trainer Prepared human drug couriers in swallowing capsules, dealing with law enforcement, and avoiding problems in airport security. Couriers Transported small amounts of drugs from Colombia to the United States or Spain, sometimes by way of Aruba or Venezuela; most couriers ingested drug-filled capsules and hid narcotics in their personal luggage.
1 Ne´stor is not alone in his assessment: other former traffickers I interviewed echoed his observations, juxtaposing the social construction of Colombian ‘‘cartels’’ with the drug industry’s tangible lack of a cartel structure. 2 Unfortunately, many researchers continue to use the ‘cartel’ nomenclature, sacrificing conceptual and empirical clarity for stylistic convention. But even during the heyday of the Medellı´n and Cali ‘‘cartels,’’ cocaine production and exportation in Colombia was highly competitive, as independent traffickers in more than a dozen cities smuggled substantial amounts of cocaine to American and European drug markets.
49 In the United States I interviewed dozens of current and former officials from numerous agencies, including the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Central Intelligence Agency, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Office of National Drug Control Policy, the Defense Intelligence Agency, the Department of Homeland Security, and the Counter-Terrorism Section of the Justice Department. I also interviewed staffers and analysts from the Senate Caucus on International Narcotics Control, the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, and the Congressional Research Service.