By Constantina Tzia, George Liadakis
The single finished resource on extraction procedure optimization, this text/reference information the set up, building, improvement, modeling, regulate, and economics of traditional and really good extraction structures within the nutrition processing undefined.
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Solubility of the specific compound (or compounds) in the solvent. 2. Recovery, since the solvent will be reused in subsequent extractions. If distillation or evaporation is used, the solvent should not form azeotropes and the latent heat of vaporization should be small. Removal of the solvent from the miscella (and from the spent solids) can pose serious problems if the residual level of the solvent must be minimized. 3. Interfacial tension and viscosity. The solvent should be capable of wetting the solid matrix and its viscosity should be sufficiently low so it can flow easily.
Based on (143), (144), and (42) it follows dGT,P = (µ1dn1 + µ2dn2 − µ3dn3 − µ4dn4)dξ ≤ 0 (145) the sign of the parenthesis determines the sign of the ξ and consequently the direction of the reaction. At equilibrium where dGT,P = 0 (146) µ1dn1 + µ2dn2 = µ3dn3 + µ4dn4 (147) The quantity µ1dn1 + µ2dn2 − µ3dn3 − µ4dn4 was introduced by De Donder (16) and called by him the affinity Af. Copyright © 2003 by Marcel Dekker, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Introduction 33 From (147) using µi = µ0i + RTlnai, [Eq.
During extraction, the concentration of solute inside the solid varies leading to the nonstationary or unsteady condition. A series of phenomenological steps have to occur during the period of interaction between the solute-containing particle and the solvent effecting the separation (1) as represented schematically in Fig. 1. These include: 1. 2. 3. 4. Entrance of the solvent into the solid matrix Solubilization and/or breakdown of components Transport of the solute to the exterior of the solid matrix Migration of the extracted solute from the external surface of the solid into the bulk solution 5.