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Epigenetics and Chromatin by Patrick Varga-Weisz (auth.), Professor Dr. Philippe Jeanteur

By Patrick Varga-Weisz (auth.), Professor Dr. Philippe Jeanteur (eds.)

Epigenetics refers to heritable styles of gene expression which don't rely on changes of genomic DNA series.

This e-book offers a state of the art account of some chosen sizzling spots by way of scientists on the aspect during this tremendous lively box. It places specific emphasis on major streams of analysis. One is the position of post-translational alterations of proteins, typically histones, on chromatin constitution and accessibility. the opposite one bargains with parental genomic imprinting, a approach which permits to specific a number of chosen genes from just one of the parental allele whereas extinguishing the other.

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The function of some other proteins that were originally assigned to the PcG is even less understood. For instance, the two proteins E(PC) and ASX (Table 1) might be classified in the PcG genetically, and on the basis of their partial co-localization with PC in polytene chromosome staining experiments (Sinclair et al. 1998a,b). However, ASX seems to have a dual function, as some mutations in the Asx gene also enhance trxG phenotypes, and since this protein has tissue-specific functions via specific cofactors (Dietrich et al.

It is not clear how the ACF1/SNF2H complex facilitates DNA replication through heterochromatin. One could imagine that this factor is involved in setting up functional origins of replication within condensed chromatin or that it facilitates the rapid access of the replication machinery to the DNA within heterochromatin. Interestingly, the SWI/SNF complex is important for the func- 18 P. Varga-Weisz tion of specific origins of replication in budding yeast (Flanagan and Peterson 1999). One could also imagine that the ACF1/ISWI complex assembles a chromatin structure that on one side is condensed but on the other side is readily ‘unzipped’ to allow DNA replication.

2003). This analysis showed that, while the presence in a given sequence of PHO, GAF or Zeste binding motifs is not sufficient on its own to predict any PRE, their combination in pairs could distinguish PREs from Drosophila genomic sequences. Starting from a pool of known PRE sequences, an algorithm was developed in order to discriminate PRE from non-PRE sequences. This algorithm, tested on the 300 kb of the bithorax complex (BX-C) locus, was able to blindly detect known PREs that were not Epigenetic Inheritance of Chromatin States Mediated by PcG and trxG Proteins 39 originally included in the PRE training set.

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