By Sarah Birch, Frances Millard, Marina Popescu, Kieran Williams
Embodying Democracy analyzes the politics of electoral reform in 8 postcommunist states together with Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Romania, Bulgaria, Russia, and Ukraine. via exploring the a number of elements that formed the layout of electoral associations in the course of the first ten years of postcommunist transition, it debts for an enormous component to the postcommunist reform approach and illuminates normal gains of institutional layout in post-transition states.
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Additional resources for Embodying Democracy: Electoral System Design in Post-Communist Europe
Sample text
60 The strategies of political actors differ during the post-founding phase, depending not least on processes of party institutionalization. If individuals play a prominent role as independent deputies, then the question arises whether those who are politically well-endowed will seek to join parties or again try their electoral luck as independents. The answer to this will depend mainly on (1) the extent and cast of their reputations and (2) the material, organizational and human resources they can command.
Moreover, the two leading parties were Mazowiecki’s Democratic Union (Unia Demokratyczna, UD) and the former communists’ Alliance of the Democratic Left (Sojusz Lewicy Demokratycznej, SLD), and neither was an attractive coalition partner. The UD had seen a widespread reaction against its economic strategies of ‘shock therapy’ pursued under two Solidarity governments. The SLD remained ‘communists’, tainted by their historic role. The difficult, protracted construction of Jan Olszewski’s minority government reinforced these early concerns and encouraged reform initiatives.
Some incipient parties did manifest ‘interests’ on particular issues, for example the Christian groupings passionately supporting electoral campaigning on church grounds; the president supported this and it was ultimately conceded. To impute perceived party interest as the main motivator in a general sense was probably true, but to link party interests to advocacy of a particular electoral system is extremely difficult. Successor deputies supported PR, but they were not united on issues of the formula, the threshold or district magnitude.