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Dopamine in the CNS II by M. Diana, J. M. Tepper (auth.), Professor Gaetano Di Chiara

By M. Diana, J. M. Tepper (auth.), Professor Gaetano Di Chiara (eds.)

Dopamine was once at the beginning considered as a trifling precursor of noradrenaline, yet has steadily received its current prestige of a standard goal for significant drug sessions and a substrate for a few simple capabilities and dysfunctions of the significant apprehensive procedure. The clinical curiosity has shifted from as a rule motor components of the striatum to routinely limbic ones because the nucleus accumbens and its afferent components, the prefrontal cortex, the hippocampal formation and the basolateral amygdala. This double quantity presents a scientific account of the anatomy, body structure, neurochemistry, molecular biology and behavioural pharmacology of dopamine within the CNS. the second one quantity offers with useful and behavioural elements because the electrophysiology of dopamine neurons and of dopamine activities, the interplay with different transmitters and its function in behaviour and within the motion of centrally performing medicinal drugs.

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These recordings verified that the unusually long duration action potential was not an artifact of damage or extracellular recording. The action potential had an inflection that, upon digital differentiation, was virtually identical to the IS-SD break previously noted in extracellular recordings. Furthermore, the small antidromic spike observed extracellularly could be seen intracellularly and converted to a full spike by injecting depolarizing current, consistent with its tentative extracellular identification as an IS spike.

Regardless, based on in situ hybridization studies and D2 and/or D3 receptor autoradiography, the dopaminergic neurons of origin of the nigrostriatal, mesolimbic, and mesocortical projections all express dopamine D2 and/or D3 mRNA and/or receptor protein (MORELLI et al. 1988; MEADOR-WOODRUFF et al. 1989; DIAZ et al. 2000), indicating the ubiquitous expression of the D z and/or D3 autoreceptor on mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. In vivo recording studies clearly show evidence for the existence of D2-family somatodendritic autoreceptors on VTA neurons projecting to prefrontal cortex (SHEPARD and GERMAN 1984; GARIANO et al.

In brain slices, stimulation of the PPN produces monosynaptic EPSPs that consist of both glutamatergic and cholinergic components that appear to converge on single dopaminergic neurons (FUTAMI et al. 1995). The pharmacology of the glutamatergic component is not well established; however, in one extracellular recording study, NMDA-selective antagonists were ineffective at blocking excitatory effects of pedunculopontine stimulation which were blocked by broad spectrum glutamate antagonists, suggesting that in vivo the predominant effect may be mediated principally by non-NMDA glutamate receptors (DILoRETO et al.

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