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Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke Engines (R161) by Gordon P. Blair

By Gordon P. Blair

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4. 4, Vol. 2]. 5 Air-to-fuel ratio It is important to realize that there are narrow limits of acceptability for the combustion of air and fuel, such as gasoline or diesel. In the case of gasoline, the ideal fuel is octane, C 8 H l g , which burns "perfectly" with air in a balanced equation called the stoichiometric equation. Most students will recall that air is composed, volumetrically and molecularly, of 21 parts 29 - Design and Simulation of Two-Stroke Engines oxygen and 79 parts nitrogen. Hence, the chemical equation for complete combustion becomes: 79 2CgHjg + 25 0 2 + — NZ2 = 16C0 2 + 18H 2 0 + 25 — N 2 2 l .

It then behooves the designer to tailor the engine air-flow behavior around the crankcase pumping action, defined by the inherent CRCC value emanating from the cylinder size in question. There is some freedom of design action, and it is necessary for it to be taken in the correct direction. In the cylinder shown in Fig. 4) Vcv Theoretically, the actual compression process occurs after the exhaust port is closed, and the compression ratio after that point becomes the most important one in design terms.

Today, most reed valves are designed as V-blocks (see Fig. 1) and the materials used for the reed petals are either spring steel or a fiber-reinforced composite material. The composite material is particularly useful in highly stressed racing engines, as any reed petal failure is not mechanically catastrophic as far as the rest of the engine is concerned. 3. Fig. 2). However, for motorcycles or chainsaws, where the crankcase is normally "buried" in a transmission system, this is somewhat impractical and so the reed valve feeds the fresh air charge to the crankcase through the cylinder.

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