By Marco Kuhlmann
Since 2002, FoLLI has presented an annual prize for striking dissertations within the fields of common sense, Language and data. This e-book relies at the PhD thesis of Marco Kuhlmann, joint winner of the E.W. Beth dissertation award in 2008. Kuhlmann’s thesis lays new theoretical foundations for the learn of non-projective dependency grammars. those grammars have gotten more and more vital for techniques to statistical parsing in computational linguistics that care for loose note order and long-distance dependencies. the writer presents new formal instruments to outline and comprehend dependency grammars, provides new dependency language hierarchies with polynomial parsing algorithms, establishes the sensible value of those hierarchies via corpus reports, and hyperlinks his paintings to the phrase-structure grammar culture via an equivalence end result with tree-adjoining grammars. The paintings bridges the gaps among linguistics and theoretical desktop technological know-how, among theoretical and empirical ways in computational linguistics, and among formerly disconnected strands of formal language research.
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Extra resources for Dependency Structures and Lexicalized Grammars: An Algebraic Approach
Example text
A block of S with respect to C is an element of the quotient S/≡S . 1 The Block-Degree Measure 35 of S with respect to C is the cardinality of the set S/≡S , that is, the number of different blocks of S. 3 (continued). 1, the blocks of a set are visualized as contiguous shaded regions, and the block-degree corresponds to the number of these regions. The block-degree of the set S1 in C6 is 1: the coarsest congruence relation on S1 has only one block. More generally, every convex set has block-degree 1.
4 Related Work Our experiments confirm the findings of recent studies on data-driven parsing of non-projective dependency grammar [76, 88]. They are particularly similar in vein to a study presented by Nivre [85]. Nivre’s main objective was to evaluate, how large a proportion of the structures found in the DDT and the PDT can be parsed using several restricted versions of the ‘Fundamental Algorithm’ for dependency parsing [13]. Using a version of that algorithm that only recognizes projective structures, and employing the treebanks as oracles to resolve ambiguities, Nivre effectively tested for projectivity.
By this relation, all block nodes are inner nodes, and all anchors are leaf nodes in T . The precedence relation of T represents a precedence relation in D: u strictly precedes v if and only if all nodes in S(u) precede all nodes in S(v). 1. 4 and the span tree for this structure. Consider the root node of the structure, the node a. The yield of a consists of a single block, which contains all the nodes of the structure, positions 1 to 5 in the precedence order. This information is represented in the span tree in that the root node of this tree is labelled with the triple (a, 1, 5).