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Computational Methods for Plasticity: Theory and by E. A. de Souza Neto, D. Peric, D. R. J. Owen

By E. A. de Souza Neto, D. Peric, D. R. J. Owen

The topic of computational plasticity encapsulates the numerical equipment used for the finite aspect simulation of the behaviour of quite a lot of engineering fabrics thought of to be plastic – i.e. those who suffer an enduring swap of form according to an utilized strength. Computational equipment for Plasticity: thought and Applications describes the idea of the linked numerical equipment for the simulation of a variety of plastic engineering fabrics; from the easiest infinitesimal plasticity conception to extra advanced harm mechanics and finite pressure crystal plasticity versions. it truly is cut up into 3 components - simple techniques, small lines and massive lines. starting with common concept and progressing to complex, complicated concept and computing device implementation, it truly is appropriate to be used at either introductory and complicated degrees. The book:

  • Offers a self-contained textual content that permits the reader to benefit computational plasticity conception and its implementation from one volume.
  • Includes many numerical examples that illustrate the appliance of the methodologies described.
  • Provides introductory fabric on comparable disciplines and methods resembling tensor research, continuum mechanics and finite parts for non-linear reliable mechanics.
  • Is observed via purpose-developed finite point software program that illustrates some of the innovations mentioned within the textual content, downloadable from the book’s better half website.

This complete textual content will entice postgraduate and graduate scholars of civil, mechanical, aerospace and fabrics engineering in addition to utilized arithmetic and classes with computational mechanics parts. it's going to even be of curiosity to analyze engineers, scientists and software program builders operating within the box of computational good mechanics.

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German majuscules F, G, . : constitutive response functionals. • Calligraphic majuscules X, Y, . ) • Typewriter style letters HYPLAS, SUVM, . : used exclusively to denote FORTRAN procedures and variable names, instructions, etc. 2. SOME IMPORTANT CHARACTERS The specific meaning of some important characters is listed below. We remark that some of these symbols may occasionally be used with a different connotation (which should be clear from the context). A Generic set of thermodynamical forces A Finite element assembly operator (note the large font) A First elasticity tensor a Spatial elasticity tensor B B Left Cauchy–Green strain tensor e Elastic left Cauchy–Green strain tensor B Discrete (finite element) symmetric gradient operator (strain-displacement matrix) B Generic body b ¯ b Body force C Right Cauchy–Green strain tensor c Cohesion D Damage internal variable Reference body force D Stretching tensor D e Elastic stretching D p Plastic stretching D Infinitesimal consistent tangent operator e Infinitesimal elasticity tensor ep D Infinitesimal elastoplastic consistent tangent operator D Consistent tangent matrix (array representation of D) De Elasticity matrix (array representation of De ) Dep Elastoplastic consistent tangent matrix (array representation of Dep ) E Young’s modulus Ei Eigenprojection of a symmetric tensor associated with the ith eigenvalue E E¯ Three-dimensional Euclidean space; elastic domain ei Generic base vector; unit eigenvector of a symmetric tensor associated with the ith eigenvalue D Set of plastically admissible stresses 10 COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR PLASTICITY: THEORY AND APPLICATIONS F Deformation gradient F e Elastic deformation gradient F p Plastic deformation gradient f ext Global (finite element) external force vector ext f(e) int External force vector of element e f Global (finite element) internal force vector int f(e) Internal force vector of element e G Virtual work functional; shear modulus G Discrete (finite element) full gradient operator H Hardening modulus H Generalised hardening modulus I1 , I2 , I3 Principal invariants of a tensor I Fourth-order identity tensor: Iijkl = δik δjl IS Fourth-order symmetric identity tensor: Iijkl = 12 (δik δjl + δil δjk ) Id Deviatoric projection tensor: Id ≡ IS − 13 I ⊗ I I Second-order identity tensor IS Array representation of IS i Array representation of I J Jacobian of the deformation map: J ≡ det F J2 , J3 Stress deviator invariants J Generalised viscoplastic hardening constitutive function K Bulk modulus KT Global tangent stiffness matrix (e) KT Tangent stiffness matrix of element e K Set of kinematically admissible displacements L Velocity gradient L e Elastic velocity gradient L p Plastic velocity gradient m α Unit vector normal to the slip plane α of a single crystal N ¯ N Plastic flow vector O The orthogonal group O + ¯ ≡ N/ N Unit plastic flow vector: N The rotation (proper orthogonal) group INTRODUCTION 0 Zero tensor; zero array; zero generic entity o Zero vector P First Piola–Kirchhoff stress tensor p Generic material point p Cauchy or Kirchhoff hydrostatic pressure Q Generic orthogonal or rotation (proper orthogonal) tensor q von Mises (Cauchy or Kirchhoff) effective stress R R Rotation tensor obtained from the polar decomposition of F e Elastic rotation tensor R Real set r Global finite element residual (out-of-balance) force vector s Entropy s Cauchy or Kirchhoff stress tensor deviator α s Unit vector in the slip direction of slip system α of a single crystal t ¯t Surface traction Reference surface traction U Right stretch tensor e Elastic right stretch tensor Up Plastic right stretch tensor U Space of vectors in E u Generic displacement vector field u Global finite element nodal displacement vector U V Left stretch tensor V e Elastic left stretch tensor V p Plastic left stretch tensor V Space of virtual displacements v Generic velocity field W Spin tensor W e Elastic spin tensor W p Plastic spin tensor x Generic point in space αp Ogden hyperelastic constants (p = 1, .

Principal invariants Every eigenvalue si of a tensor S (symmetric or non-symmetric) satisfies the characteristic equation det(S − si I ) = 0. 67) for any α ∈ R, where I1 and I2 are the principal invariants of S, defined as I1 (S) ≡ tr S = Sii I2 (S) ≡ det S = S11 S22 − S12 S21 . 68) In this case, the characteristic equation reads s2i − si I1 + I2 = 0. 69) The eigenvalues si are the solutions to this quadratic equation. If S is symmetric, then its principal invariants can be expressed in terms of its eigenvalues as I1 = s1 + s2 I2 = s1 s2 .

Viii) If S is skew, then S : T = −S : T T = S : skew(T ). (ix) If S is symmetric and T is skew, then S : T = 0. 5. INVERSE TENSOR. 39) exists. The determinant of a tensor T, denoted det T, is the determinant of the matrix [T ]. A tensor T is invertible if and only if det T = 0. 40) A tensor T is said to be positive definite if T u · u > 0, ∀ u = o. 41) Any positive definite tensor is invertible. Basic relations involving the determinant and the inverse tensor Relation (i) below holds for any tensors S and T and relations (ii)–(iv) hold for any invertible tensors S and T : (i) det(ST ) = det S det T.

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