By Nico Stehr
“This quantity is informative on numerous very important dimensions, just one of that's disseminating the 10 matters constituting the manifesto.” selection weather and Society offers from a transdisciplinary view, weather and its adjustments, effect and conception. The historical past of weather and its varied methods over the years - that are anthropocentric and extra system-oriented, educational and application-driven - are reviewed, as are the chances of handling weather, specifically via steerage the greenhouse fuel emissions. most significantly, the innovations of weather as a source for societies are mentioned and the emergence of weather non-constancy and its impression, studied. In essence, this ebook offers an soaking up account of the cultural heritage of weather and relates it to modern medical wisdom approximately weather, weather swap and its impression.
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Additional info for Climate and Society: Climate As Resource, Climate As Risk
Sample text
In principle the same thing happens in the atmosphere, except that the driving is not provided by warming from below (in the tropics), but rather by cooling from above, at the surface of the sub-polar oceans. This cooling makes the water heavier (“thermal effect”). Also, the formation of sea ice makes the water heavier, because salt is ejected during that process, so that the water becomes more salty (“haline effect”). Thus both effects, the thermal and the haline effect, make the water heavier.
Because the radiation grows with the temperature, the temperature increase causes more long-wave energy to be emitted. The warming exhausts itself when the 40% of the radiated longwave energy that reaches space compensates for the solar radiation Climate as Limiting Condition and Resource 33 arriving at the earth’s surface. A “final temperature” appears that is considerably higher than the original −10°C. However, because the atmosphere not only absorbs and re-emits long wave radiation, it also shields the ground to some extent against incoming solar radiation, actually not 100% of the solar radiation found at the top of the atmosphere reaches the ground, but only a portion.
He maintained that a doubling was certainly possible, but only in 1,000 or more years, 14 This is the property of a surface, such as that of the earth or the sea, to reflect short-wave radiation, measured in percent. Deserts have a high albedo, snow even more, but forests have a low albedo. The albedo of newly fallen snow is up to 95%, while over the sea it can be less than 10%. 15 In fact, this representation is simplified. A number of other processes, such as convection, modify the picture. 16 S.