By Linqiu Cao (Author), Rolf D. Schmid (Foreword)
The 1st systematic assessment of this key approach because the early Nineties, this authoritative reference is the single instruction manual to be had to incorporate all fresh advancements. the writer attracts on his wide-ranging event in either academia and to systematically conceal all kinds of enzyme immobilization equipment, similar to adsorption-based and covalent immobilization, in addition to enzyme entrapment and encapsulation. all through, a cautious evaluation of fabrics and strategies for the iteration of sensible immobilized enzymes merits either builders and clients of carrier-bound enzymes.A needs to for biotechnologists, biochemists and preparative chemists utilizing enzymes of their day-by-day paintings.
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Extra info for Carrier-bound Immobilized Enzymes: Principles, Application and Design
Sample text
It has recently been found that industrially robust CLEA, with greater activity both in organic solvents and in aqueous media, can be prepared by use of new cross-linking technology [252]. The use of preformed soft hollow microsphere has, moreover, enabled the preparation of CLEA with greater mechanical stability and tailor-made size, and which are thus, in principle, applicable to any reaction system, reactor configuration and reaction medium [253]. By combining the advantages of carrier-bound and carrier-free immobilized enzymes, CLEA with tailor-made properties with regard to both non-catalytic and cat- 19 20 1 Introduction: Immobilized Enzymes: Past, Present and Prospects alytic function can be designed at will – an attractive proposition for industrial applications.
Remarkably, it has been found that even thermophilic enzymes or extremophilic enzymes [293] can be further stabilized by immobilization [239, 294–296, 230], suggesting that stabilization of enzyme by immobilization can be additive. 2 Enhanced Activity Observation of the enhancement of enzyme activity by immobilization can be dated back to the early 1960s, when Goldstein et al. noted that for trypsin immobilized on a charged carrier the Km for charged substrates could be reduced by a factor of fourteen [79], because of the so-called microenvironment effect.
In such cases the lipases might adopt a conformation different from that in the native enzymes owing to interaction between the carrier and the enzyme (change of the enzyme conformation) or to the micro-environmental effect (pH gradient). The micro-environmental effect has, however, been clearly demonstrated for 1,2-αmannosidase, for which a double immobilization technique, adsorption on china clay or cellulose DE-52, followed by entrapment in alginate beads, was used; the product spectrum obtained depended on the carrier used for adsorption before entrapment in sodium alginate [339].