By Y.C. Fung
The conception of blood stream is the oldest and such a lot complex department of biomechanics, with roots extending again to Huangti and Aristotle, and with contributions from Galileo, Santori, Descartes, Borelli, Harvey, Euler, Hales, Poiseuille, Helmholtz, etc. It represents a big a part of humanity's inspiration of itself. This e-book offers chosen issues of this nice physique of principles from a historic point of view, binding very important experiments including mathematical threads. The goals and scope of this ebook stay similar to within the first version: to provide a therapy of circulatory biomechanics from the stand issues of engineering, body structure, and scientific technological know-how, and to boost the topic via a chain of difficulties and examples. The identify is modified from Biodynamics: move to Biomechanics: circulate to unify the e-book with its sister volumes, Biomechanics: Mechanical houses of dwelling Tissues, and Biomechanics: movement, movement, tension, and development. the main adjustments made within the new version are the next: whilst the 1st version went to press in 1984, the query of residual tension within the middle used to be raised for the 1st time, and the lung was once the single organ analyzed at the foundation of stable morphologic facts and constitutive equations. The special research of blood circulation within the lung were performed, however the physiological validation experiments had now not but been completed.
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Extra resources for Biomechanics: Circulation
Sample text
To be concrete, think of listening to a stenosis in an artery. 4 Discuss the answer to the preceding question more rigorously in terms of the correlation functions of velocity components and the corresponding frequency spectrums. Consult a book on modem fluid mechanics to learn about the correlation functions and frequency spectra of turbulent flow fields. 5 In what way is a Venturi tube used in a hydrodynamics laboratory? Explain the function of a Venturi tube on the basis that acceleration corresponds to a negative pressure gradient and deceleration corresponds to a positive pressure gradient, or in terms of the Bernoulli equation, Eq.
Thus, as is usual in circulation research, fluid mechanics and solid mechanics are coupled together. Furthermore, the heart, lung, and aorta are coupled together. Computational methods are available for detailed analysis. In this 36 2. 4:1. Pressures and Volumes in the Normal Human Heart*. 21/m2/min Systemic vascular resistance, 770-1,500 dynes cm·5 Pulmonary vascular resistance, 20-120 dynes cm·5 Body surface area is given approximately by (weight in kg+ height in em- 60)/100m2• *Grossman, W. ) (1974) Cardiac Catherization and Angiography.
3 Electric System 31 the first region of the heart to display electric activity during each cardiac cycle. From the S-A node, the cardiac electric signal spreads radially throughout the right atrium along ordinary myocardial fibers at a conduction velocity of approximately 1 m/s. In the meantime, a special bundle of fibers carries the signal directly from the S-A node to the left atrium, and three other bundles conduct the signal directly from the S-A to the A-V node. These bundles consist of a mixture of ordinary myocardial cells and specialized conducting fibers similar to those that exist in the ventricles.