By Charlotte E. Moore
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18 illustrates the effect of increasing phosphate concentration on the calcium signal. 1. The effect is less pronounced higher up the flame and is not observed in a hotter flame, such as the nitrous oxide-acetylene flame. 0 nm line or the calcium hydroxide band at 554 nm. The constant level of interference observed above a certain level strongly suggests formation of a compound (probably a calcium phosphate). This compound is less volatile than calcium chloride, and hence the formation of calcium atoms is hindered.
What are the advantages in AAS of (i) modulation, (ii) double-beam systems and (iii) background correction? 17 Normal Zeeman effect for magnesium. 3 Read-out Systems After suitable amplification, the signal may be read out using a variety of different approaches. Older instruments used an analogue meter as a means of read-out. Considerable advances have been made in read-out systems Page 42 over the last 10 years. Virtually all modern instruments use a personal computer to store analytical parameters, procedures and individual results, and plot calibration curves.
5 Geochemical and Mineralogical Samples Silicate analysis is not without problems. If measurement of silicon is not required, it may be volatilized off as silicon tetrafluoride, using hydrofluoric acid, although some calcium may be lost as calcium fluoride. Alternatively, sodium carbonate-boric acid fusions may be employed. Where possible, final solutions are made up in hydrochloric acid. 6 Metals. Where possible, hydrochloric acid-nitric acid is used to dissolve the sample. g. iron(III) chloride solution for steel].