By Bhadriraju Subramanyam, David W. Hagstrum
Insects linked to uncooked grain and processed meals reason qualitative and quantitative losses. combating those losses attributable to stored-product bugs is key from the farmer's box to the consumer's desk. whereas conventional insecticides play an important position in stored-product built-in pest administration (IPM), there has lately been, and should remain, a better emphasis on substitute ways. Alternatives to insecticides in Stored-Product IPM information the main promising equipment, starting from severe temperatures to the debatable radiation, and from insect-resistant packaging to pathogens. This assortment is key for an individual in academia, undefined, or govt drawn to pest ecology or nutrients or grain science.
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Stored Prod. Res. 33: 321329. , P. K. Harein, and L. K. Cutkomp. 1989. Field tests with probe traps for sampling adult insects infesting farm-stored grain. J. Agric. Entomol. 6: 9-21. Surgeoner, G. , and W. Roberts. 1993. Reducing pesticide use by 50% in the province of Ontario: challenges and progress, pp. 206-222. In D. Pimentel and H. ], The Pesticide Question, Chapman and Hall, New York. , J. K. Torrance, B. Baum, L. Fahrig, J. D. H. Lambert, and J. T. Amason. 1999. Traditional farmers' knowledge of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (Poaceae)) landrace storability in Ethopia.
They found that Iwao's sequential sampling plan generally required a larger number of samples to reach a decision than Wald's sequential probability ratio test plan. Upper stop line error rate was set smaller than the lower stop line error rate because the cost of failing to detect a heavy infestation of P. truncatus, losing most of the stored grain and leaving family without food, is much more serious than unnecessary pest management. They also investigated a binomial sampling plan but found that too many cobs needed to be examined at low densities.
Arn. Assoc. , St. Paul, Minnesota. Hagstrum, D. W. 1989. Infestation by Crypto/estes ferrugineus of newly-harvested wheat stored on three Kansas farms. J. Econ. ' 82: 655-659. Hagstrum, D. W. 1994. Field monitoring and prediction of stored-grain insect populations. Postharvest News and Information 5: 39-45. Hagstrum, D. W. 1996. Monitoring and predicting population growth of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) over a range of environmental conditions. Environ. ' 25: 1354-1359. Hagstrum, D.